Self-Professed SQL Scripting Junkie!

Posts tagged maintenace

Are You Approaching Your Partition Range Limits?

Nov02
2011 4 Comments Written by Michelle Ufford

In my post last week, How To Estimate Data Utilization, I said that it may be my last post for a while. Well… apparently I lied. :)

For those of you who use table partitioning, you know that you need to define a partitioning scheme and function prior to applying partitioning to an index. Personally, I tend to build the function for a couple of years out, and I tend to create them through the end of a calendar year. Now, if I failed to expand a partition range at the end of the year, then come January 1st, all of my data would be written to the same partition. Not the end of the world, no, but it causes all kinds of nasty performance and maintenance issues. Thus, as part of my end-of-year / maternity-leave preparations, I’m in the process of examining all partitioned functions to identify those that need to have their partition ranges expanded. For those interested, here’s the script I used:

IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..#Results') IS NOT NULL
    DROP TABLE #Results;
 
CREATE TABLE #Results
(
      databaseName  NVARCHAR(128)
    , schemaName    NVARCHAR(128)
    , functionName  NVARCHAR(128)
    , data_space_id INT
    , maxRangeValue SQL_VARIANT
)
 
/* Grab results for each database and store in our temp table.  
   And no, I don't *need* to select from sys.indexes and perform 
   left joins, but I'm overly cautious and want to make sure 
   I'm not accidentally missing any databases. :) */
 
--EXECUTE master.dbo.sp_msforeachdb
EXECUTE sp_foreachdb 'USE ?;
INSERT INTO #Results
SELECT DB_NAME() AS databaseName
    , sps.name AS schemaName
    , spf.name AS functionName
    , sps.data_space_id 
    , MAX(prv.value) AS maxRangeValue
FROM sys.indexes AS i
LEFT JOIN sys.partition_schemes AS sps WITH (NOLOCK)
    ON i.data_space_id = sps.data_space_id
LEFT JOIN sys.partition_functions AS spf WITH (NOLOCK)
    ON sps.function_id = spf.function_id
LEFT JOIN sys.partition_range_values AS prv WITH (NOLOCK)
    ON spf.function_id = prv.function_id
GROUP BY sps.name
    , spf.name
    , sps.data_space_id;';
/*  
    sp_foreachdb was written by SQL MVP Aaron Bertrand and can be downloaded 
    at http://www.mssqltips.com/sqlservertip/2201/making-a-more-reliable-and-flexible-spmsforeachdb/
    Alternatively, you can also use sys.sp_MSforeachdb
*/
 
/* Make sure we're not missing any major databases */
SELECT * FROM sys.databases WHERE name NOT IN (SELECT databaseName FROM #Results);
 
/* Retrieve our results */
SELECT * 
FROM #Results
WHERE schemaName IS NOT NULL
ORDER BY maxRangeValue;

Example Results:

databaseName        schemaName                      functionName                          data_space_id   maxRangeValue
------------------- ------------------------------- ------------------------------------- --------------- -------------------------
HistoricalMart      dailyRangeDate_ps               dailyRangeDate_pf                     65609           2011-12-31 00:00:00.000
AdventureWorks      yearlyRangeSmallDateTime_ps     yearlyRangeSmallDateTime_pf           65605           2012-01-01 00:00:00.000
dbaTools            monthlyRangeDateTime_ps         monthlyRangeDateTime_pf               65604           2012-12-01 00:00:00.000
Posted in Miscellaneous, SQL 2008, SQL Tips, Syndication, T-SQL Scripts - Tagged , , , ,

Calculate Rows Inserted per Second for All Tables

Jul13
2011 8 Comments Written by Michelle Ufford

Ever needed to calculate the number of rows inserted every second, for every table in every database on a server? Or, have you ever needed to validate that all processes have stopped writing to tables? These types of questions come up routinely for me. To help with this, I’ve written the following script, which examines metadata values using sys.partitions. This method isn’t as accurate as running SELECT COUNT(*) FROM, but it’s much faster. Keep in mind, since it’s just looking at row counts, it’s not much help on tables that have a lot of update/delete activity. But it does what I need it to do, and I use it pretty regularly, so I thought I’d share in case anyone else can benefit from it too. :) 

/* Declare Parameters */
DECLARE @newBaseline BIT = 1 -- change to 0 when you don't want to replace the baseline, i.e. after initial run
  , @delay CHAR(8) = '00:00:30'; -- change as needed
 
IF @newBaseline = 1 
BEGIN
    IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..#baseline') IS NOT NULL
        DROP TABLE #baseline;
 
    CREATE TABLE #baseline
    (
         database_name  SYSNAME
       , table_name     SYSNAME
       , table_rows     BIGINT
       , captureTime    DATETIME NULL
    );
END
 
IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..#current') IS NOT NULL
    DROP TABLE #current;
 
CREATE TABLE #current
(
     database_name  SYSNAME
   , table_name     SYSNAME
   , table_rows     BIGINT
   , captureTime    DATETIME NULL
);
 
IF @newBaseline = 1 
BEGIN
    EXECUTE sp_MSforeachdb 'USE ?; 
        INSERT INTO #baseline
        SELECT DB_NAME()
            , o.name As [tableName]
            , SUM(p.[rows]) As [rowCnt]
            , GETDATE() As [captureTime]
        FROM sys.indexes As i
        JOIN sys.partitions As p
            ON i.[object_id] = p.[object_id]
           AND i.index_id  = p.index_id
        JOIN sys.objects As o
            ON i.[object_id] = o.[object_id]
        WHERE i.[type] = 1
        GROUP BY o.name;'
 
    WAITFOR DELAY @delay;
END
 
EXECUTE sp_MSforeachdb 'USE ?; 
INSERT INTO #current
SELECT DB_NAME()
    , o.name As [tableName]
    , SUM(p.[rows]) As [rowCnt]
    , GETDATE() As [captureTime]
FROM sys.indexes As i
JOIN sys.partitions As p
    ON i.[object_id] = p.[object_id]
   AND i.index_id  = p.index_id
JOIN sys.objects As o
    ON i.[object_id] = o.[object_id]
WHERE i.[type] = 1
GROUP BY o.name;'
 
SELECT  c.*
      , c.table_rows - b.table_rows AS 'new_rows'
      , DATEDIFF(second, b.captureTime, c.captureTime) AS 'time_diff'
      , (c.table_rows - b.table_rows) / DATEDIFF(second, b.captureTime, c.captureTime) AS 'rows_per_sec'
FROM #baseline AS b
JOIN #current AS c
    ON b.table_name = c.table_name
   AND b.database_name = c.database_name
ORDER BY new_rows DESC;
Posted in SQL Tips, Syndication, T-SQL Scripts - Tagged , , ,

Identity Columns: Are You Nearing The Limits?

Jan13
2011 6 Comments Written by Michelle Ufford

I use identity columns frequently. After all, identity columns make great clustering keys. But it’s important when using identity columns to check on the amount of values you have left before you reach the limit of your data type. An identity column has a fixed amount of values it can use based upon whether you specified tinyint, smallint, int, or bigint when you defined the column. If you reach this limit, your inserts will blow up and cause a Chernobyl-like SQL meltdown will begin to fail. I just finished an audit of my tables and thought I’d share the script. I would like to warn that this script is *not* perfect… namely, it doesn’t handle negative integer values very elegantly. It also doesn’t know if you started your seed at zero, approached your max positive limit, then reseeded to the negative limit (see my “quick and dirty fix” tip at the end of this article).

/* Define how close we are to the value limit
   before we start throwing up the red flag.
   The higher the value, the closer to the limit. */
Declare @threshold decimal(3,2) = .85;
 
/* Create a temp table */
Create Table #identityStatus
(
      database_name     varchar(128)
    , table_name        varchar(128)
    , column_name       varchar(128)
    , data_type         varchar(128)
    , last_value        bigint
    , max_value         bigint
);
 
/* Use an undocumented command to run a SQL statement
   in each database on a server */
Execute sp_msforeachdb '
    Use [?];
    Insert Into #identityStatus
    Select ''?'' As [database_name]
        , Object_Name(id.object_id, DB_ID(''?'')) As [table_name]
        , id.name As [column_name]
        , t.name As [data_type]
        , Cast(id.last_value As bigint) As [last_value]
        , Case 
            When t.name = ''tinyint''   Then 255 
            When t.name = ''smallint''  Then 32767 
            When t.name = ''int''       Then 2147483647 
            When t.name = ''bigint''    Then 9223372036854775807
          End As [max_value]
    From sys.identity_columns As id
    Join sys.types As t
        On id.system_type_id = t.system_type_id
    Where id.last_value Is Not Null';
 
/* Retrieve our results and format it all prettily */
Select database_name
    , table_name
    , column_name
    , data_type
    , last_value
    , Case 
        When last_value < 0 Then 100
        Else (1 - Cast(last_value As float(4)) / max_value) * 100 
      End As [percentLeft]
    , Case 
        When Cast(last_value As float(4)) / max_value >= @threshold
            Then 'warning: approaching max limit'
        Else 'okay'
        End As [id_status]
From #identityStatus
Order By percentLeft;
 
/* Clean up after ourselves */
Drop Table #identityStatus;

If you find yourself quickly approaching your max limit and need to implement a quick and dirty fix, you can reseed your identity column. Of course, this only works if you started at zero instead of the actual lower, negative limit.

Posted in Miscellaneous, SQL Tips, Syndication, T-SQL Scripts - Tagged , , , ,

Index Defrag Script, v4.0

Apr22
2010 95 Comments Written by Michelle Ufford

UPDATE: This script has been updated. Please view the latest version at http://sqlfool.com/2011/06/index-defrag-script-v4-1/.

In my blog post, “Index Defrag Script Updates – Beta Testers Needed“, I stated “I’ll hopefully have the new version online in just a few days.” That was dated January 26th. I had every intention of following through with it, too, but something came up:

My daughter, Chloe Lynn, was born on February 10th. She’s a happy, healthy baby girl who consumes all of my free time and already has both her parents wrapped around her adorable little finger. So while I apologize for the delay in posting the latest version, I hope you can understand and forgive me. :)

Alrighty, back to SQL stuff! This version of the script has been significantly overhauled from previous versions. Here’s a full synopsis of the changes and enhancements:

- There’s now a time limit option so you have more control over how long your defrags run. This time limit is checked *before* a defrag is begun, so it’s still possible to have a defrag occur after the time limit is exceeded (i.e. a large index).

- I’ve added a static table for managing the index defrag scans. This way, you can start and stop the defrag process without the need to rescan. This is especially useful for VLDB’s or any environment where you’re unable to complete the defrags in one operation.

- Just in case you want to perform a rescan, even if there’s still indexes left to defrag from your last rescan, there’s a parameter to force it.

- There’s now an option to sort by page count, range scan count, or fragmentation level. Range scan count is defaulted, as the indexes that have high amounts of range scans will benefit the most from having a defragged index. You can also specify whether you want to sort by ASC or DESC.

- There’s now min and max parameters for page counts. This is useful for a) ignoring indexes with less than 1 extent (as recommended by Microsoft) and b) for scheduling index operations by size. For instance, you may want to defrag your small indexes during business hours but leave your big indexes for evening or weekend hours.

- There’s now a parameterized option for sorting in TEMPDB. This may reduce execution time and will prevent unnecessary database file size inflation during defrags. NOTE: Make sure you have enough free space in TEMPDB prior to enabling this option.

- I moved the SQL statement output to display before execution so you can see what’s currently executing.

- I’ve added a debug output of the parameters selected. I’ve added additional validation to the start of the script, so this will help show you if an invalid value was submitted and overwritten.

- I’ve added new columns to the log table to show what command is being executed and what error, if any, occurred when trying to execute.

- I’ve added try/catch logic to handle errors during execution; this way, a single error will not prevent the whole script from terminating.

- The script will now force a rebuild for indexes with allow_page_locks = off.

- For those who use partitioning, you can now exclude the right-most populated partition from the defrag operation. This won’t be applicable for all partitioning schemes, but for sliding-window scenarios (one of the most common schemes), it’ll reduce contention on the partition that’s being actively written to.

- I’ve fixed a bug where tables with LOB indexes may have more than one record returned from sys.dm_db_index_physical_stats.

- For various reasons, I’ve removed the option to rebuild stats.

Also, if you have a previous version of the script installed, this version will rename those tables, since there have been some changes made to them.

FAQ:

I often receive the same questions about this script, so allow me to answer them here:

“I keep running the script, but my index is still fragmented. Why?”
This is most likely a very small index. Here’s what Microsoft has to say:

“In general, fragmentation on small indexes is often not controllable. The pages of small indexes are stored on mixed extents. Mixed extents are shared by up to eight objects, so the fragmentation in a small index might not be reduced after reorganizing or rebuilding the index. For more information about mixed extents, see Understanding Pages and Extents.”

“What database should I create it in?” or “Can I create this in the MASTER database?”
It’s up to you where you create it. You could technically create it in the MASTER database, but I recommend creating a utility database for your DBA administrative tasks.

“Can I run this againt a SharePoint database?”
I’ve never tried personally, but I’ve been told it runs just fine.

“What are the minimum requirements to run this script?” or “Will this run on SQL Server 2000 instances?”
You need to be on SQL Server 2005 SP2 or higher.

Without further ado, here’s the script:

UPDATE: This script has been updated. Please view the latest version at http://sqlfool.com/2011/06/index-defrag-script-v4-1/. 

/* Scroll down to the see notes, disclaimers, and licensing information */
 
Declare @indexDefragLog_rename      varchar(128)
    , @indexDefragExclusion_rename  varchar(128)
    , @indexDefragStatus_rename     varchar(128);
 
Select @indexDefragLog_rename       = 'dba_indexDefragLog_obsolete_' + Convert(varchar(10), GetDate(), 112)
    , @indexDefragExclusion_rename  = 'dba_indexDefragExclusion_obsolete_' + Convert(varchar(10), GetDate(), 112)
    , @indexDefragStatus_rename     = 'dba_indexDefragStatus_obsolete_' + Convert(varchar(10), GetDate(), 112);
 
If Exists(Select [object_id] From sys.tables Where [name] = 'dba_indexDefragLog')
    Execute sp_rename dba_indexDefragLog, @indexDefragLog_rename;
 
If Exists(Select [object_id] From sys.tables Where [name] = 'dba_indexDefragExclusion')
    Execute sp_rename dba_indexDefragExclusion, @indexDefragExclusion_rename;
 
If Exists(Select [object_id] From sys.tables Where [name] = 'dba_indexDefragStatus')
    Execute sp_rename dba_indexDefragStatus, @indexDefragStatus_rename;
Go
 
Create Table dbo.dba_indexDefragLog
(
      indexDefrag_id    int identity(1,1)   Not Null
    , databaseID        int                 Not Null
    , databaseName      nvarchar(128)       Not Null
    , objectID          int                 Not Null
    , objectName        nvarchar(128)       Not Null
    , indexID           int                 Not Null
    , indexName         nvarchar(128)       Not Null
    , partitionNumber   smallint            Not Null
    , fragmentation     float               Not Null
    , page_count        int                 Not Null
    , dateTimeStart     datetime            Not Null
    , dateTimeEnd       datetime            Null
    , durationSeconds   int                 Null
    , sqlStatement      varchar(4000)       Null
    , errorMessage      varchar(1000)       Null
 
    Constraint PK_indexDefragLog_v40
        Primary Key Clustered (indexDefrag_id)
);
 
Print 'dba_indexDefragLog Table Created';
 
Create Table dbo.dba_indexDefragExclusion
(
      databaseID        int                 Not Null
    , databaseName      nvarchar(128)       Not Null
    , objectID          int                 Not Null
    , objectName        nvarchar(128)       Not Null
    , indexID           int                 Not Null
    , indexName         nvarchar(128)       Not Null
    , exclusionMask     int                 Not Null
        /* 1=Sunday, 2=Monday, 4=Tuesday, 8=Wednesday, 16=Thursday, 32=Friday, 64=Saturday */
 
    Constraint PK_indexDefragExclusion_v40
        Primary Key Clustered (databaseID, objectID, indexID)
);
 
Print 'dba_indexDefragExclusion Table Created';
 
Create Table dbo.dba_indexDefragStatus
(
      databaseID        int
    , databaseName      nvarchar(128)
    , objectID          int
    , indexID           int
    , partitionNumber   smallint
    , fragmentation     float
    , page_count        int
    , range_scan_count  bigint
    , schemaName        nvarchar(128)   Null
    , objectName        nvarchar(128)   Null
    , indexName         nvarchar(128)   Null
    , scanDate          datetime        
    , defragDate        datetime        Null
    , printStatus       bit             Default(0)
    , exclusionMask     int             Default(0)
 
    Constraint PK_indexDefragStatus_v40
        Primary Key Clustered(databaseID, objectID, indexID, partitionNumber)
);
 
Print 'dba_indexDefragStatus Table Created';
 
If ObjectProperty(Object_ID('dbo.dba_indexDefrag_sp'), N'IsProcedure') = 1
Begin
    Drop Procedure dbo.dba_indexDefrag_sp;
    Print 'Procedure dba_indexDefrag_sp dropped';
End;
Go
 
Create Procedure dbo.dba_indexDefrag_sp
 
    /* Declare Parameters */
      @minFragmentation     float           = 10.0  
        /* in percent, will not defrag if fragmentation less than specified */
    , @rebuildThreshold     float           = 30.0  
        /* in percent, greater than @rebuildThreshold will result in rebuild instead of reorg */
    , @executeSQL           bit             = 1     
        /* 1 = execute; 0 = print command only */
    , @defragOrderColumn    nvarchar(20)    = 'range_scan_count'
        /* Valid options are: range_scan_count, fragmentation, page_count */
    , @defragSortOrder      nvarchar(4)     = 'DESC'
        /* Valid options are: ASC, DESC */
    , @timeLimit            int             = 720 /* defaulted to 12 hours */
        /* Optional time limitation; expressed in minutes */
    , @database             varchar(128)    = Null
        /* Option to specify a database name; null will return all */
    , @tableName            varchar(4000)   = Null  -- databaseName.schema.tableName
        /* Option to specify a table name; null will return all */
    , @forceRescan          bit             = 0
        /* Whether or not to force a rescan of indexes; 1 = force, 0 = use existing scan, if available */
    , @scanMode             varchar(10)     = N'LIMITED'
        /* Options are LIMITED, SAMPLED, and DETAILED */
    , @minPageCount         int             = 8 
        /*  MS recommends > 1 extent (8 pages) */
    , @maxPageCount         int             = Null
        /* NULL = no limit */
    , @excludeMaxPartition  bit             = 0
        /* 1 = exclude right-most populated partition; 0 = do not exclude; see notes for caveats */
    , @onlineRebuild        bit             = 1     
        /* 1 = online rebuild; 0 = offline rebuild; only in Enterprise */
    , @sortInTempDB         bit             = 1
        /* 1 = perform sort operation in TempDB; 0 = perform sort operation in the index's database */
    , @maxDopRestriction    tinyint         = Null
        /* Option to restrict the number of processors for the operation; only in Enterprise */
    , @printCommands        bit             = 0     
        /* 1 = print commands; 0 = do not print commands */
    , @printFragmentation   bit             = 0
        /* 1 = print fragmentation prior to defrag; 
           0 = do not print */
    , @defragDelay          char(8)         = '00:00:05'
        /* time to wait between defrag commands */
    , @debugMode            bit             = 0
        /* display some useful comments to help determine if/where issues occur */
 
As
/*********************************************************************************
    Name:       dba_indexDefrag_sp
 
    Author:     Michelle Ufford, http://sqlfool.com
 
    Purpose:    Defrags one or more indexes for one or more databases
 
    Notes:
 
    CAUTION: TRANSACTION LOG SIZE SHOULD BE MONITORED CLOSELY WHEN DEFRAGMENTING.
             DO NOT RUN UNATTENDED ON LARGE DATABASES DURING BUSINESS HOURS.
 
      @minFragmentation     defaulted to 10%, will not defrag if fragmentation 
                            is less than that
 
      @rebuildThreshold     defaulted to 30% as recommended by Microsoft in BOL;
                            greater than 30% will result in rebuild instead
 
      @executeSQL           1 = execute the SQL generated by this proc; 
                            0 = print command only
 
      @defragOrderColumn    Defines how to prioritize the order of defrags.  Only
                            used if @executeSQL = 1.  
                            Valid options are: 
                            range_scan_count = count of range and table scans on the
                                               index; in general, this is what benefits 
                                               the most from defragmentation
                            fragmentation    = amount of fragmentation in the index;
                                               the higher the number, the worse it is
                            page_count       = number of pages in the index; affects
                                               how long it takes to defrag an index
 
      @defragSortOrder      The sort order of the ORDER BY clause.
                            Valid options are ASC (ascending) or DESC (descending).
 
      @timeLimit            Optional, limits how much time can be spent performing 
                            index defrags; expressed in minutes.
 
                            NOTE: The time limit is checked BEFORE an index defrag
                                  is begun, thus a long index defrag can exceed the
                                  time limitation.
 
      @database             Optional, specify specific database name to defrag;
                            If not specified, all non-system databases will
                            be defragged.
 
      @tableName            Specify if you only want to defrag indexes for a 
                            specific table, format = databaseName.schema.tableName;
                            if not specified, all tables will be defragged.
 
      @forceRescan          Whether or not to force a rescan of indexes.  If set
                            to 0, a rescan will not occur until all indexes have
                            been defragged.  This can span multiple executions.
                            1 = force a rescan
                            0 = use previous scan, if there are indexes left to defrag
 
      @scanMode             Specifies which scan mode to use to determine
                            fragmentation levels.  Options are:
                            LIMITED - scans the parent level; quickest mode,
                                      recommended for most cases.
                            SAMPLED - samples 1% of all data pages; if less than
                                      10k pages, performs a DETAILED scan.
                            DETAILED - scans all data pages.  Use great care with
                                       this mode, as it can cause performance issues.
 
      @minPageCount         Specifies how many pages must exist in an index in order 
                            to be considered for a defrag.  Defaulted to 8 pages, as 
                            Microsoft recommends only defragging indexes with more 
                            than 1 extent (8 pages).  
 
                            NOTE: The @minPageCount will restrict the indexes that
                            are stored in dba_indexDefragStatus table.
 
      @maxPageCount         Specifies the maximum number of pages that can exist in 
                            an index and still be considered for a defrag.  Useful
                            for scheduling small indexes during business hours and
                            large indexes for non-business hours.
 
                            NOTE: The @maxPageCount will restrict the indexes that
                            are defragged during the current operation; it will not
                            prevent indexes from being stored in the 
                            dba_indexDefragStatus table.  This way, a single scan
                            can support multiple page count thresholds.
 
      @excludeMaxPartition  If an index is partitioned, this option specifies whether
                            to exclude the right-most populated partition.  Typically,
                            this is the partition that is currently being written to in
                            a sliding-window scenario.  Enabling this feature may reduce
                            contention.  This may not be applicable in other types of 
                            partitioning scenarios.  Non-partitioned indexes are 
                            unaffected by this option.
                            1 = exclude right-most populated partition
                            0 = do not exclude
 
      @onlineRebuild        1 = online rebuild; 
                            0 = offline rebuild
 
      @sortInTempDB         Specifies whether to defrag the index in TEMPDB or in the
                            database the index belongs to.  Enabling this option may
                            result in faster defrags and prevent database file size 
                            inflation.
                            1 = perform sort operation in TempDB
                            0 = perform sort operation in the index's database 
 
      @maxDopRestriction    Option to specify a processor limit for index rebuilds
 
      @printCommands        1 = print commands to screen; 
                            0 = do not print commands
 
      @printFragmentation   1 = print fragmentation to screen;
                            0 = do not print fragmentation
 
      @defragDelay          Time to wait between defrag commands; gives the
                            server a little time to catch up 
 
      @debugMode            1 = display debug comments; helps with troubleshooting
                            0 = do not display debug comments
 
    Called by:  SQL Agent Job or DBA
 
    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
    DISCLAIMER: 
    This code and information are provided "AS IS" without warranty of any kind,
    either expressed or implied, including but not limited to the implied 
    warranties or merchantability and/or fitness for a particular purpose.
    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
    LICENSE: 
    This index defrag script is free to download and use for personal, educational, 
    and internal corporate purposes, provided that this header is preserved. 
    Redistribution or sale of this index defrag script, in whole or in part, is 
    prohibited without the author's express written consent.
    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Date        Initials	Version Description
    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
    2007-12-18  MFU         1.0     Initial Release
    2008-10-17  MFU         1.1     Added @defragDelay, CIX_temp_indexDefragList
    2008-11-17  MFU         1.2     Added page_count to log table
                                    , added @printFragmentation option
    2009-03-17  MFU         2.0     Provided support for centralized execution
                                    , consolidated Enterprise & Standard versions
                                    , added @debugMode, @maxDopRestriction
                                    , modified LOB and partition logic  
    2009-06-18  MFU         3.0     Fixed bug in LOB logic, added @scanMode option
                                    , added support for stat rebuilds (@rebuildStats)
                                    , support model and msdb defrag
                                    , added columns to the dba_indexDefragLog table
                                    , modified logging to show "in progress" defrags
                                    , added defrag exclusion list (scheduling)
    2009-08-28  MFU         3.1     Fixed read_only bug for database lists
    2010-04-20  MFU         4.0     Added time limit option
                                    , added static table with rescan logic
                                    , added parameters for page count & SORT_IN_TEMPDB
                                    , added try/catch logic and additional debug options
                                    , added options for defrag prioritization
                                    , fixed bug for indexes with allow_page_lock = off
                                    , added option to exclude right-most partition
                                    , removed @rebuildStats option
                                    , refer to http://sqlfool.com for full release notes
*********************************************************************************
    Example of how to call this script:
 
        Exec dbo.dba_indexDefrag_sp
              @executeSQL           = 1
            , @printCommands        = 1
            , @debugMode            = 1
            , @printFragmentation   = 1
            , @forceRescan          = 1
            , @maxDopRestriction    = 1
            , @minPageCount         = 8
            , @maxPageCount         = Null
            , @minFragmentation     = 1
            , @rebuildThreshold     = 30
            , @defragDelay          = '00:00:05'
            , @defragOrderColumn    = 'page_count'
            , @defragSortOrder      = 'DESC'
            , @excludeMaxPartition  = 1
            , @timeLimit            = Null;
*********************************************************************************/																
Set NoCount On;
Set XACT_Abort On;
Set Quoted_Identifier On;
 
Begin
 
    Begin Try
 
        /* Just a little validation... */
        If @minFragmentation Is Null 
            Or @minFragmentation Not Between 0.00 And 100.0
                Set @minFragmentation = 10.0;
 
        If @rebuildThreshold Is Null
            Or @rebuildThreshold Not Between 0.00 And 100.0
                Set @rebuildThreshold = 30.0;
 
        If @defragDelay Not Like '00:[0-5][0-9]:[0-5][0-9]'
            Set @defragDelay = '00:00:05';
 
        If @defragOrderColumn Is Null
            Or @defragOrderColumn Not In ('range_scan_count', 'fragmentation', 'page_count')
                Set @defragOrderColumn = 'range_scan_count';
 
        If @defragSortOrder Is Null
            Or @defragSortOrder Not In ('ASC', 'DESC')
                Set @defragSortOrder = 'DESC';
 
        If @scanMode Not In ('LIMITED', 'SAMPLED', 'DETAILED')
            Set @scanMode = 'LIMITED';
 
        If @debugMode Is Null
            Set @debugMode = 0;
 
        If @forceRescan Is Null
            Set @forceRescan = 0;
 
        If @sortInTempDB Is Null
            Set @sortInTempDB = 1;
 
 
        If @debugMode = 1 RaisError('Undusting the cogs and starting up...', 0, 42) With NoWait;
 
        /* Declare our variables */
        Declare   @objectID                 int
                , @databaseID               int
                , @databaseName             nvarchar(128)
                , @indexID                  int
                , @partitionCount           bigint
                , @schemaName               nvarchar(128)
                , @objectName               nvarchar(128)
                , @indexName                nvarchar(128)
                , @partitionNumber          smallint
                , @fragmentation            float
                , @pageCount                int
                , @sqlCommand               nvarchar(4000)
                , @rebuildCommand           nvarchar(200)
                , @dateTimeStart            datetime
                , @dateTimeEnd              datetime
                , @containsLOB              bit
                , @editionCheck             bit
                , @debugMessage             nvarchar(4000)
                , @updateSQL                nvarchar(4000)
                , @partitionSQL             nvarchar(4000)
                , @partitionSQL_Param       nvarchar(1000)
                , @LOB_SQL                  nvarchar(4000)
                , @LOB_SQL_Param            nvarchar(1000)
                , @indexDefrag_id           int
                , @startDateTime            datetime
                , @endDateTime              datetime
                , @getIndexSQL              nvarchar(4000)
                , @getIndexSQL_Param        nvarchar(4000)
                , @allowPageLockSQL         nvarchar(4000)
                , @allowPageLockSQL_Param   nvarchar(4000)
                , @allowPageLocks           int
                , @excludeMaxPartitionSQL   nvarchar(4000);
 
        /* Initialize our variables */
        Select @startDateTime = GetDate()
            , @endDateTime = DateAdd(minute, @timeLimit, GetDate());
 
        /* Create our temporary tables */
        Create Table #databaseList
        (
              databaseID        int
            , databaseName      varchar(128)
            , scanStatus        bit
        );
 
        Create Table #processor 
        (
              [index]           int
            , Name              varchar(128)
            , Internal_Value    int
            , Character_Value   int
        );
 
        Create Table #maxPartitionList
        (
              databaseID        int
            , objectID          int
            , indexID           int
            , maxPartition      int
        );
 
        If @debugMode = 1 RaisError('Beginning validation...', 0, 42) With NoWait;
 
        /* Make sure we're not exceeding the number of processors we have available */
        Insert Into #processor
        Execute xp_msver 'ProcessorCount';
 
        If @maxDopRestriction Is Not Null And @maxDopRestriction > (Select Internal_Value From #processor)
            Select @maxDopRestriction = Internal_Value
            From #processor;
 
        /* Check our server version; 1804890536 = Enterprise, 610778273 = Enterprise Evaluation, -2117995310 = Developer */
        If (Select ServerProperty('EditionID')) In (1804890536, 610778273, -2117995310) 
            Set @editionCheck = 1 -- supports online rebuilds
        Else
            Set @editionCheck = 0; -- does not support online rebuilds
 
        /* Output the parameters we're working with */
        If @debugMode = 1 
        Begin
 
            Select @debugMessage = 'Your selected parameters are... 
            Defrag indexes with fragmentation greater than ' + Cast(@minFragmentation As varchar(10)) + ';
            Rebuild indexes with fragmentation greater than ' + Cast(@rebuildThreshold As varchar(10)) + ';
            You' + Case When @executeSQL = 1 Then ' DO' Else ' DO NOT' End + ' want the commands to be executed automatically; 
            You want to defrag indexes in ' + @defragSortOrder + ' order of the ' + UPPER(@defragOrderColumn) + ' value;
            You have' + Case When @timeLimit Is Null Then ' not specified a time limit;' Else ' specified a time limit of ' 
                + Cast(@timeLimit As varchar(10)) End + ' minutes;
            ' + Case When @database Is Null Then 'ALL databases' Else 'The ' + @database + ' database' End + ' will be defragged;
            ' + Case When @tableName Is Null Then 'ALL tables' Else 'The ' + @tableName + ' table' End + ' will be defragged;
            We' + Case When Exists(Select Top 1 * From dbo.dba_indexDefragStatus Where defragDate Is Null)
                And @forceRescan <> 1 Then ' WILL NOT' Else ' WILL' End + ' be rescanning indexes;
            The scan will be performed in ' + @scanMode + ' mode;
            You want to limit defrags to indexes with' + Case When @maxPageCount Is Null Then ' more than ' 
                + Cast(@minPageCount As varchar(10)) Else
                ' between ' + Cast(@minPageCount As varchar(10))
                + ' and ' + Cast(@maxPageCount As varchar(10)) End + ' pages;
            Indexes will be defragged' + Case When @editionCheck = 0 Or @onlineRebuild = 0 Then ' OFFLINE;' Else ' ONLINE;' End + '
            Indexes will be sorted in' + Case When @sortInTempDB = 0 Then ' the DATABASE' Else ' TEMPDB;' End + '
            Defrag operations will utilize ' + Case When @editionCheck = 0 Or @maxDopRestriction Is Null 
                Then 'system defaults for processors;' 
                Else Cast(@maxDopRestriction As varchar(2)) + ' processors;' End + '
            You' + Case When @printCommands = 1 Then ' DO' Else ' DO NOT' End + ' want to print the ALTER INDEX commands; 
            You' + Case When @printFragmentation = 1 Then ' DO' Else ' DO NOT' End + ' want to output fragmentation levels; 
            You want to wait ' + @defragDelay + ' (hh:mm:ss) between defragging indexes;
            You want to run in' + Case When @debugMode = 1 Then ' DEBUG' Else ' SILENT' End + ' mode.';
 
            RaisError(@debugMessage, 0, 42) With NoWait;
 
        End;
 
        If @debugMode = 1 RaisError('Grabbing a list of our databases...', 0, 42) With NoWait;
 
        /* Retrieve the list of databases to investigate */
        Insert Into #databaseList
        Select database_id
            , name
            , 0 -- not scanned yet for fragmentation
        From sys.databases
        Where name = IsNull(@database, name)
            And [name] Not In ('master', 'tempdb')-- exclude system databases
            And [state] = 0 -- state must be ONLINE
            And is_read_only = 0;  -- cannot be read_only
 
        /* Check to see if we have indexes in need of defrag; otherwise, re-scan the database(s) */
        If Not Exists(Select Top 1 * From dbo.dba_indexDefragStatus Where defragDate Is Null)
            Or @forceRescan = 1
        Begin
 
            /* Truncate our list of indexes to prepare for a new scan */
            Truncate Table dbo.dba_indexDefragStatus;
 
            If @debugMode = 1 RaisError('Looping through our list of databases and checking for fragmentation...', 0, 42) With NoWait;
 
            /* Loop through our list of databases */
            While (Select Count(*) From #databaseList Where scanStatus = 0) > 0
            Begin
 
                Select Top 1 @databaseID = databaseID
                From #databaseList
                Where scanStatus = 0;
 
                Select @debugMessage = '  working on ' + DB_Name(@databaseID) + '...';
 
                If @debugMode = 1
                    RaisError(@debugMessage, 0, 42) With NoWait;
 
               /* Determine which indexes to defrag using our user-defined parameters */
                Insert Into dbo.dba_indexDefragStatus
                (
                      databaseID
                    , databaseName
                    , objectID
                    , indexID
                    , partitionNumber
                    , fragmentation
                    , page_count
                    , range_scan_count
                    , scanDate
                )
                Select
                      ps.database_id As 'databaseID'
                    , QuoteName(DB_Name(ps.database_id)) As 'databaseName'
                    , ps.object_id As 'objectID'
                    , ps.index_id As 'indexID'
                    , ps.partition_number As 'partitionNumber'
                    , Sum(ps.avg_fragmentation_in_percent) As 'fragmentation'
                    , Sum(ps.page_count) As 'page_count'
                    , os.range_scan_count
                    , GetDate() As 'scanDate'
                From sys.dm_db_index_physical_stats(@databaseID, Object_Id(@tableName), Null , Null, @scanMode) As ps
                Join sys.dm_db_index_operational_stats(@databaseID, Object_Id(@tableName), Null , Null) as os
                    On ps.database_id = os.database_id
                    And ps.object_id = os.object_id
                    and ps.index_id = os.index_id
                    And ps.partition_number = os.partition_number
                Where avg_fragmentation_in_percent >= @minFragmentation 
                    And ps.index_id > 0 -- ignore heaps
                    And ps.page_count > @minPageCount 
                    And ps.index_level = 0 -- leaf-level nodes only, supports @scanMode
                Group By ps.database_id 
                    , QuoteName(DB_Name(ps.database_id)) 
                    , ps.object_id 
                    , ps.index_id 
                    , ps.partition_number 
                    , os.range_scan_count
                Option (MaxDop 2);
 
                /* Do we want to exclude right-most populated partition of our partitioned indexes? */
                If @excludeMaxPartition = 1
                Begin
 
                    Set @excludeMaxPartitionSQL = '
                        Select ' + Cast(@databaseID As varchar(10)) + ' As [databaseID]
                            , [object_id]
                            , index_id
                            , Max(partition_number) As [maxPartition]
                        From ' + DB_Name(@databaseID) + '.sys.partitions
                        Where partition_number > 1
                            And [rows] > 0
                        Group By object_id
                            , index_id;';
 
                    Insert Into #maxPartitionList
                    Execute sp_executesql @excludeMaxPartitionSQL;
 
                End;
 
                /* Keep track of which databases have already been scanned */
                Update #databaseList
                Set scanStatus = 1
                Where databaseID = @databaseID;
 
            End
 
            /* We don't want to defrag the right-most populated partition, so
               delete any records for partitioned indexes where partition = Max(partition) */
            If @excludeMaxPartition = 1
            Begin
 
                Delete ids
                From dbo.dba_indexDefragStatus As ids
                Join #maxPartitionList As mpl
                    On ids.databaseID = mpl.databaseID
                    And ids.objectID = mpl.objectID
                    And ids.indexID = mpl.indexID
                    And ids.partitionNumber = mpl.maxPartition;
 
            End;
 
            /* Update our exclusion mask for any index that has a restriction on the days it can be defragged */
            Update ids
            Set ids.exclusionMask = ide.exclusionMask
            From dbo.dba_indexDefragStatus As ids
            Join dbo.dba_indexDefragExclusion As ide
                On ids.databaseID = ide.databaseID
                And ids.objectID = ide.objectID
                And ids.indexID = ide.indexID;
 
        End
 
        Select @debugMessage = 'Looping through our list... there are ' + Cast(Count(*) As varchar(10)) + ' indexes to defrag!'
        From dbo.dba_indexDefragStatus
        Where defragDate Is Null
            And page_count Between @minPageCount And IsNull(@maxPageCount, page_count);
 
        If @debugMode = 1 RaisError(@debugMessage, 0, 42) With NoWait;
 
        /* Begin our loop for defragging */
        While (Select Count(*) 
               From dbo.dba_indexDefragStatus 
               Where (
                           (@executeSQL = 1 And defragDate Is Null) 
                        Or (@executeSQL = 0 And defragDate Is Null And printStatus = 0)
                     )
                And exclusionMask & Power(2, DatePart(weekday, GetDate())-1) = 0
                And page_count Between @minPageCount And IsNull(@maxPageCount, page_count)) > 0
        Begin
 
            /* Check to see if we need to exit our loop because of our time limit */        
            If IsNull(@endDateTime, GetDate()) < GetDate()
            Begin
                RaisError('Our time limit has been exceeded!', 11, 42) With NoWait;
            End;
 
            If @debugMode = 1 RaisError('  Picking an index to beat into shape...', 0, 42) With NoWait;
 
            /* Grab the index with the highest priority, based on the values submitted; 
               Look at the exclusion mask to ensure it can be defragged today */
            Set @getIndexSQL = N'
            Select Top 1 
                  @objectID_Out         = objectID
                , @indexID_Out          = indexID
                , @databaseID_Out       = databaseID
                , @databaseName_Out     = databaseName
                , @fragmentation_Out    = fragmentation
                , @partitionNumber_Out  = partitionNumber
                , @pageCount_Out        = page_count
            From dbo.dba_indexDefragStatus
            Where defragDate Is Null ' 
                + Case When @executeSQL = 0 Then 'And printStatus = 0' Else '' End + '
                And exclusionMask & Power(2, DatePart(weekday, GetDate())-1) = 0
                And page_count Between @p_minPageCount and IsNull(@p_maxPageCount, page_count)
            Order By + ' + @defragOrderColumn + ' ' + @defragSortOrder;
 
            Set @getIndexSQL_Param = N'@objectID_Out        int OutPut
                                     , @indexID_Out         int OutPut
                                     , @databaseID_Out      int OutPut
                                     , @databaseName_Out    nvarchar(128) OutPut
                                     , @fragmentation_Out   int OutPut
                                     , @partitionNumber_Out int OutPut
                                     , @pageCount_Out       int OutPut
                                     , @p_minPageCount      int
                                     , @p_maxPageCount      int';
 
            Execute sp_executesql @getIndexSQL
                , @getIndexSQL_Param
                , @p_minPageCount       = @minPageCount
                , @p_maxPageCount       = @maxPageCount
                , @objectID_Out         = @objectID OutPut
                , @indexID_Out          = @indexID OutPut
                , @databaseID_Out       = @databaseID OutPut
                , @databaseName_Out     = @databaseName OutPut
                , @fragmentation_Out    = @fragmentation OutPut
                , @partitionNumber_Out  = @partitionNumber OutPut
                , @pageCount_Out        = @pageCount OutPut;
 
            If @debugMode = 1 RaisError('  Looking up the specifics for our index...', 0, 42) With NoWait;
 
            /* Look up index information */
            Select @updateSQL = N'Update ids
                Set schemaName = QuoteName(s.name)
                    , objectName = QuoteName(o.name)
                    , indexName = QuoteName(i.name)
                From dbo.dba_indexDefragStatus As ids
                Inner Join ' + @databaseName + '.sys.objects As o
                    On ids.objectID = o.object_id
                Inner Join ' + @databaseName + '.sys.indexes As i
                    On o.object_id = i.object_id
                    And ids.indexID = i.index_id
                Inner Join ' + @databaseName + '.sys.schemas As s
                    On o.schema_id = s.schema_id
                Where o.object_id = ' + Cast(@objectID As varchar(10)) + '
                    And i.index_id = ' + Cast(@indexID As varchar(10)) + '
                    And i.type > 0
                    And ids.databaseID = ' + Cast(@databaseID As varchar(10));
 
            Execute sp_executesql @updateSQL;
 
            /* Grab our object names */
            Select @objectName  = objectName
                , @schemaName   = schemaName
                , @indexName    = indexName
            From dbo.dba_indexDefragStatus
            Where objectID = @objectID
                And indexID = @indexID
                And databaseID = @databaseID;
 
            If @debugMode = 1 RaisError('  Grabbing the partition count...', 0, 42) With NoWait;
 
            /* Determine if the index is partitioned */
            Select @partitionSQL = 'Select @partitionCount_OUT = Count(*)
                                        From ' + @databaseName + '.sys.partitions
                                        Where object_id = ' + Cast(@objectID As varchar(10)) + '
                                            And index_id = ' + Cast(@indexID As varchar(10)) + ';'
                , @partitionSQL_Param = '@partitionCount_OUT int OutPut';
 
            Execute sp_executesql @partitionSQL, @partitionSQL_Param, @partitionCount_OUT = @partitionCount OutPut;
 
            If @debugMode = 1 RaisError('  Seeing if there are any LOBs to be handled...', 0, 42) With NoWait;
 
            /* Determine if the table contains LOBs */
            Select @LOB_SQL = ' Select @containsLOB_OUT = Count(*)
                                From ' + @databaseName + '.sys.columns With (NoLock) 
                                Where [object_id] = ' + Cast(@objectID As varchar(10)) + '
                                   And (system_type_id In (34, 35, 99)
                                            Or max_length = -1);'
                                /*  system_type_id --> 34 = image, 35 = text, 99 = ntext
                                    max_length = -1 --> varbinary(max), varchar(max), nvarchar(max), xml */
                    , @LOB_SQL_Param = '@containsLOB_OUT int OutPut';
 
            Execute sp_executesql @LOB_SQL, @LOB_SQL_Param, @containsLOB_OUT = @containsLOB OutPut;
 
            If @debugMode = 1 RaisError('  Checking for indexes that do not allow page locks...', 0, 42) With NoWait;
 
            /* Determine if page locks are allowed; for those indexes, we need to always rebuild */
            Select @allowPageLockSQL = 'Select @allowPageLocks_OUT = Count(*)
                                        From ' + @databaseName + '.sys.indexes
                                        Where object_id = ' + Cast(@objectID As varchar(10)) + '
                                            And index_id = ' + Cast(@indexID As varchar(10)) + '
                                            And Allow_Page_Locks = 0;'
                , @allowPageLockSQL_Param = '@allowPageLocks_OUT int OutPut';
 
            Execute sp_executesql @allowPageLockSQL, @allowPageLockSQL_Param, @allowPageLocks_OUT = @allowPageLocks OutPut;
 
            If @debugMode = 1 RaisError('  Building our SQL statements...', 0, 42) With NoWait;
 
            /* If there's not a lot of fragmentation, or if we have a LOB, we should reorganize */
            If (@fragmentation < @rebuildThreshold Or @containsLOB >= 1 Or @partitionCount > 1)
                And @allowPageLocks = 0
            Begin
 
                Set @sqlCommand = N'Alter Index ' + @indexName + N' On ' + @databaseName + N'.' 
                                    + @schemaName + N'.' + @objectName + N' ReOrganize';
 
                /* If our index is partitioned, we should always reorganize */
                If @partitionCount > 1
                    Set @sqlCommand = @sqlCommand + N' Partition = ' 
                                    + Cast(@partitionNumber As nvarchar(10));
 
            End
            /* If the index is heavily fragmented and doesn't contain any partitions or LOB's, 
               or if the index does not allow page locks, rebuild it */
            Else If (@fragmentation >= @rebuildThreshold Or @allowPageLocks <> 0)
                And IsNull(@containsLOB, 0) != 1 And @partitionCount <= 1
            Begin
 
                /* Set online rebuild options; requires Enterprise Edition */
                If @onlineRebuild = 1 And @editionCheck = 1 
                    Set @rebuildCommand = N' Rebuild With (Online = On';
                Else
                    Set @rebuildCommand = N' Rebuild With (Online = Off';
 
                /* Set sort operation preferences */
                If @sortInTempDB = 1 
                    Set @rebuildCommand = @rebuildCommand + N', Sort_In_TempDB = On';
                Else
                    Set @rebuildCommand = @rebuildCommand + N', Sort_In_TempDB = Off';
 
                /* Set processor restriction options; requires Enterprise Edition */
                If @maxDopRestriction Is Not Null And @editionCheck = 1
                    Set @rebuildCommand = @rebuildCommand + N', MaxDop = ' + Cast(@maxDopRestriction As varchar(2)) + N')';
                Else
                    Set @rebuildCommand = @rebuildCommand + N')';
 
                Set @sqlCommand = N'Alter Index ' + @indexName + N' On ' + @databaseName + N'.'
                                + @schemaName + N'.' + @objectName + @rebuildCommand;
 
            End
            Else
                /* Print an error message if any indexes happen to not meet the criteria above */
                If @printCommands = 1 Or @debugMode = 1
                    RaisError('We are unable to defrag this index.', 0, 42) With NoWait;
 
            /* Are we executing the SQL?  If so, do it */
            If @executeSQL = 1
            Begin
 
                Set @debugMessage = 'Executing: ' + @sqlCommand;
 
                /* Print the commands we're executing if specified to do so */
                If @printCommands = 1 Or @debugMode = 1
                    RaisError(@debugMessage, 0, 42) With NoWait;
 
                /* Grab the time for logging purposes */
                Set @dateTimeStart  = GetDate();
 
                /* Log our actions */
                Insert Into dbo.dba_indexDefragLog
                (
                      databaseID
                    , databaseName
                    , objectID
                    , objectName
                    , indexID
                    , indexName
                    , partitionNumber
                    , fragmentation
                    , page_count
                    , dateTimeStart
                    , sqlStatement
                )
                Select
                      @databaseID
                    , @databaseName
                    , @objectID
                    , @objectName
                    , @indexID
                    , @indexName
                    , @partitionNumber
                    , @fragmentation
                    , @pageCount
                    , @dateTimeStart
                    , @sqlCommand;
 
                Set @indexDefrag_id = Scope_Identity();
 
                /* Wrap our execution attempt in a try/catch and log any errors that occur */
                Begin Try
 
                    /* Execute our defrag! */
                    Execute sp_executesql @sqlCommand;
                    Set @dateTimeEnd = GetDate();
 
                    /* Update our log with our completion time */
                    Update dbo.dba_indexDefragLog
                    Set dateTimeEnd = @dateTimeEnd
                        , durationSeconds = DateDiff(second, @dateTimeStart, @dateTimeEnd)
                    Where indexDefrag_id = @indexDefrag_id;
 
                End Try
                Begin Catch
 
                    /* Update our log with our error message */
                    Update dbo.dba_indexDefragLog
                    Set dateTimeEnd = GetDate()
                        , durationSeconds = -1
                        , errorMessage = Error_Message()
                    Where indexDefrag_id = @indexDefrag_id;
 
                    If @debugMode = 1 
                        RaisError('  An error has occurred executing this command! Please review the dba_indexDefragLog table for details.'
                            , 0, 42) With NoWait;
 
                End Catch
 
                /* Just a little breather for the server */
                WaitFor Delay @defragDelay;
 
                Update dbo.dba_indexDefragStatus
                Set defragDate = GetDate()
                    , printStatus = 1
                Where databaseID       = @databaseID
                  And objectID         = @objectID
                  And indexID          = @indexID
                  And partitionNumber  = @partitionNumber;
 
            End
            Else
            /* Looks like we're not executing, just printing the commands */
            Begin
                If @debugMode = 1 RaisError('  Printing SQL statements...', 0, 42) With NoWait;
 
                If @printCommands = 1 Or @debugMode = 1 
                    Print IsNull(@sqlCommand, 'error!');
 
                Update dbo.dba_indexDefragStatus
                Set printStatus = 1
                Where databaseID       = @databaseID
                  And objectID         = @objectID
                  And indexID          = @indexID
                  And partitionNumber  = @partitionNumber;
            End
 
        End
 
        /* Do we want to output our fragmentation results? */
        If @printFragmentation = 1
        Begin
 
            If @debugMode = 1 RaisError('  Displaying a summary of our action...', 0, 42) With NoWait;
 
            Select databaseID
                , databaseName
                , objectID
                , objectName
                , indexID
                , indexName
                , partitionNumber
                , fragmentation
                , page_count
                , range_scan_count
            From dbo.dba_indexDefragStatus
            Where defragDate >= @startDateTime
            Order By defragDate;
 
        End;
 
    End Try
    Begin Catch
 
        Set @debugMessage = Error_Message() + ' (Line Number: ' + Cast(Error_Line() As varchar(10)) + ')';
        Print @debugMessage;
 
    End Catch;
 
    /* When everything is said and done, make sure to get rid of our temp table */
    Drop Table #databaseList;
    Drop Table #processor;
    Drop Table #maxPartitionList;
 
    If @debugMode = 1 RaisError('DONE!  Thank you for taking care of your indexes!  :)', 0, 42) With NoWait;
 
    Set NoCount Off;
    Return 0
End

You can also download it here: dba_indexDefrag_sp_v40_public.txt

I’ve had this latest version in production on terabyte-size databases running SQL Server 2005 and 2008 Enterprise editions for the last 3 months, where it runs nightly without issue. I’ve also had numerous beta testers report success in their environments, too. But to be safe, make sure to keep an eye on it the first time it runs to ensure you understand the impact on your server.

Enjoy!

Michelle

Posted in Performance & Tuning, Syndication, T-SQL Scripts - Tagged , , , , , , , , , ,

Index Defrag Script, v3.0

Jun23
2009 114 Comments Written by Michelle Ufford

UPDATE: This script has been significantly updated. Please view the latest version at http://sqlfool.com/2011/06/index-defrag-script-v4-1/.

I’ve just completed the latest version of my index defrag script! Here’s a brief list of the updates:

  • Fixed a bug with the LOB logic. In the previous version, after a LOB was encountered, all subsequent indexes would be reorganized.
  • Added support for stat rebuilds after the index defrag is complete (@rebuildStats)
  • Added an exclusion list table (dba_indexDefragExclusion) to support index scheduling
  • Modified logging to show which defrags are “in progress”; added columns to dba_indexDefragLog
  • Added support for the defrag of the model and msdb databases
  • Added @scanMode as a configurable parameter

So what can this index defrag script do? Well, for starters, you can:

  • Schedule it to run with the default settings; it works “right out of the box” with no additional configuration necessary
  • Run this one script from a centralized database for all databases on a server
  • Run this script for a specific database or table
  • Configure custom threshold limits and the point at which a rebuild should be performed (instead of a reorganize)
  • Defrag individual partitions
  • Log its actions and the duration of the defrag
  • Run in “commands only” mode (@executeSQL = 0, @printCommands = 1)
  • Customize performance parameters such as @maxDopRestriction and @defragDelay to minimize impact on the server
  • Schedule specific indexes to only be defragged on weekends, or every other day

To use this last option, you need to add a record to the dba_indexDefragExclusion table. I think all of the columns are pretty self-explanatory except the [exclusionMask] column. The way this works is each day of the week is assigned a value:
1=Sunday, 2=Monday, 4=Tuesday, 8=Wednesday, 16=Thursday, 32=Friday, 64=Saturday

Take a SUM of the values for the days that you want excluded. So if you want an index to only be defragged on weekends, you would add up Monday through Friday (2+4+8+16+32) and use a value of 62 for the exclusionMask column. For a little more information on how this works, check out my blog post on Bitwise Operations.

Please note: if you don’t insert any records into the dba_indexDefragExclusion table, by default all indexes will be defragged every run-time if they exceed the specified thresholds. This is normal behavior and may be perfectly fine in your environment. However, if the dba_indexDefragExclusion table does not exist, the script will fail.

I try to document each parameter within the code, so check the comments section in the script for a full list of parameters and what they do.

Special thanks to everyone who helped beta test this script! :)

Without further ado, the script:

/* Drop Table Scripts:
Drop Table dbo.dba_indexDefragLog;
Drop Table dbo.dba_indexDefragExclusion;
*/
If Not Exists(Select [object_id] From sys.tables 
    Where [name] In (N'dba_indexDefragLog', 'dba_indexDefragExclusion'))
Begin
 
    Create Table dbo.dba_indexDefragLog
    (
          indexDefrag_id    int identity(1,1)   Not Null
        , databaseID        int                 Not Null
        , databaseName      nvarchar(128)       Not Null
        , objectID          int                 Not Null
        , objectName        nvarchar(128)       Not Null
        , indexID           int                 Not Null
        , indexName         nvarchar(128)       Not Null
        , partitionNumber   smallint            Not Null
        , fragmentation     float               Not Null
        , page_count        int                 Not Null
        , dateTimeStart     datetime            Not Null
        , dateTimeEnd       datetime            Null
        , durationSeconds   int                 Null
 
        Constraint PK_indexDefragLog 
            Primary Key Clustered (indexDefrag_id)
    );
 
    Print 'dba_indexDefragLog Table Created';
 
    Create Table dbo.dba_indexDefragExclusion
    (
          databaseID        int                 Not Null
        , databaseName      nvarchar(128)       Not Null
        , objectID          int                 Not Null
        , objectName        nvarchar(128)       Not Null
        , indexID           int                 Not Null
        , indexName         nvarchar(128)       Not Null
        , exclusionMask     int                 Not Null
            /* 1=Sunday, 2=Monday, 4=Tuesday, 8=Wednesday, 16=Thursday, 32=Friday, 64=Saturday */
 
        Constraint PK_indexDefragExclusion 
            Primary Key Clustered (databaseID, objectID, indexID)
    );
 
    Print 'dba_indexDefragExclusion Table Created';
 
End
Else
    RaisError('One or more tables already exist.  Please drop or rename before proceeding.', 16, 0);
 
If ObjectProperty(Object_ID('dbo.dba_indexDefrag_sp'), N'IsProcedure') = 1
Begin
    Drop Procedure dbo.dba_indexDefrag_sp;
    Print 'Procedure dba_indexDefrag_sp dropped';
End;
Go
 
 
Create Procedure dbo.dba_indexDefrag_sp
 
    /* Declare Parameters */
      @minFragmentation     float           = 5.0  
        /* in percent, will not defrag if fragmentation less than specified */
    , @rebuildThreshold     float           = 30.0  
        /* in percent, greater than @rebuildThreshold will result in rebuild instead of reorg */
    , @executeSQL           bit             = 1     
        /* 1 = execute; 0 = print command only */
    , @database             varchar(128)    = Null
        /* Option to specify a database name; null will return all */
    , @tableName            varchar(4000)   = Null  -- databaseName.schema.tableName
        /* Option to specify a table name; null will return all */
    , @scanMode             varchar(10)     = N'LIMITED'
        /* Options are LIMITED, SAMPLED, and DETAILED */
    , @onlineRebuild        bit             = 1     
        /* 1 = online rebuild; 0 = offline rebuild; only in Enterprise */
    , @maxDopRestriction    tinyint         = Null
        /* Option to restrict the number of processors for the operation; only in Enterprise */
    , @printCommands        bit             = 0     
        /* 1 = print commands; 0 = do not print commands */
    , @printFragmentation   bit             = 0
        /* 1 = print fragmentation prior to defrag; 
           0 = do not print */
    , @defragDelay          char(8)         = '00:00:05'
        /* time to wait between defrag commands */
    , @debugMode            bit             = 0
        /* display some useful comments to help determine if/where issues occur */
    , @rebuildStats         bit             = 1
        /* option to rebuild stats after completed index defrags */
 
As
/*********************************************************************************
    Name:       dba_indexDefrag_sp
 
    Author:     Michelle Ufford, http://sqlfool.com
 
    Purpose:    Defrags all indexes for the current database
 
    Notes:
 
    CAUTION: TRANSACTION LOG SIZE SHOULD BE MONITORED CLOSELY WHEN DEFRAGMENTING.
 
      @minFragmentation     defaulted to 10%, will not defrag if fragmentation 
                            is less than that
 
      @rebuildThreshold     defaulted to 30% as recommended by Microsoft in BOL;
                            greater than 30% will result in rebuild instead
 
      @executeSQL           1 = execute the SQL generated by this proc; 
                            0 = print command only
 
      @database             Optional, specify specific database name to defrag;
                            If not specified, all non-system databases will
                            be defragged.
 
      @tableName            Specify if you only want to defrag indexes for a 
                            specific table, format = databaseName.schema.tableName;
                            if not specified, all tables will be defragged.
 
      @scanMode             Specifies which scan mode to use to determine
                            fragmentation levels.  Options are:
                            LIMITED - scans the parent level; quickest mode,
                                      recommended for most cases.
                            SAMPLED - samples 1% of all data pages; if less than
                                      10k pages, performs a DETAILED scan.
                            DETAILED - scans all data pages.  Use great care with
                                       this mode, as it can cause performance issues.
 
      @onlineRebuild        1 = online rebuild; 
                            0 = offline rebuild
 
      @maxDopRestriction    Option to specify a processor limit for index rebuilds
 
      @printCommands        1 = print commands to screen; 
                            0 = do not print commands
 
      @printFragmentation   1 = print fragmentation to screen;
                            0 = do not print fragmentation
 
      @defragDelay          Time to wait between defrag commands; gives the
                            server a little time to catch up 
 
      @debugMode            1 = display debug comments; helps with troubleshooting
                            0 = do not display debug comments
 
      @rebuildStats         Affects only statistics that need to be rebuilt
                            1 = rebuild stats
                            0 = do not rebuild stats
 
    Called by:  SQL Agent Job or DBA
 
    Date        Initials	Version Description
    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
    2007-12-18  MFU         1.0     Initial Release
    2008-10-17  MFU         1.1     Added @defragDelay, CIX_temp_indexDefragList
    2008-11-17  MFU         1.2     Added page_count to log table
                                    , added @printFragmentation option
    2009-03-17  MFU         2.0     Provided support for centralized execution
                                    , consolidated Enterprise & Standard versions
                                    , added @debugMode, @maxDopRestriction
                                    , modified LOB and partition logic  
    2009-06-18  MFU         3.0     Fixed bug in LOB logic, added @scanMode option
                                    , added support for stat rebuilds (@rebuildStats)
                                    , support model and msdb defrag
                                    , added columns to the dba_indexDefragLog table
                                    , modified logging to show "in progress" defrags
                                    , added defrag exclusion list (scheduling)
*********************************************************************************
    Exec dbo.dba_indexDefrag_sp
          @executeSQL           = 0
        , @printCommands        = 1
        , @debugMode            = 1
        , @printFragmentation   = 1;
*********************************************************************************/																
 
Set NoCount On;
Set XACT_Abort On;
Set Ansi_Padding On;
Set Ansi_Warnings On;
Set ArithAbort On;
Set Concat_Null_Yields_Null On;
Set Numeric_RoundAbort Off;
Set Quoted_Identifier On;
 
Begin
 
    If @debugMode = 1 RaisError('Undusting the cogs and starting up...', 0, 42) With NoWait;
 
    /* Declare our variables */
    Declare   @objectID             int
            , @databaseID           int
            , @databaseName         nvarchar(128)
            , @indexID              int
            , @partitionCount       bigint
            , @schemaName           nvarchar(128)
            , @objectName           nvarchar(128)
            , @indexName            nvarchar(128)
            , @partitionNumber      smallint
            , @fragmentation        float
            , @pageCount            int
            , @sqlCommand           nvarchar(4000)
            , @rebuildCommand       nvarchar(200)
            , @dateTimeStart        datetime
            , @dateTimeEnd          datetime
            , @containsLOB          bit
            , @editionCheck         bit
            , @debugMessage         varchar(128)
            , @updateSQL            nvarchar(4000)
            , @partitionSQL         nvarchar(4000)
            , @partitionSQL_Param   nvarchar(1000)
            , @LOB_SQL              nvarchar(4000)
            , @LOB_SQL_Param        nvarchar(1000)
            , @rebuildStatsID       int
            , @rebuildStatsSQL      nvarchar(1000)
            , @indexDefrag_id       int;
 
    /* Create our temporary tables */
    Create Table #indexDefragList
    (
          databaseID        int
        , databaseName      nvarchar(128)
        , objectID          int
        , indexID           int
        , partitionNumber   smallint
        , fragmentation     float
        , page_count        int
        , defragStatus      bit
        , schemaName        nvarchar(128)   Null
        , objectName        nvarchar(128)   Null
        , indexName         nvarchar(128)   Null
    );
 
    Create Table #databaseList
    (
          databaseID        int
        , databaseName      varchar(128)
        , scanStatus        bit
        , statsStatus       bit
    );
 
    Create Table #processor 
    (
          [index]           int
        , Name              varchar(128)
        , Internal_Value    int
        , Character_Value   int
    );
 
    If @debugMode = 1 RaisError('Beginning validation...', 0, 42) With NoWait;
 
    /* Just a little validation... */
    If @minFragmentation Not Between 0.00 And 100.0
        Set @minFragmentation = 10.0;
 
    If @rebuildThreshold Not Between 0.00 And 100.0
        Set @rebuildThreshold = 30.0;
 
    If @defragDelay Not Like '00:[0-5][0-9]:[0-5][0-9]'
        Set @defragDelay = '00:00:05';
 
    If @scanMode Not In ('LIMITED', 'SAMPLED', 'DETAILED')
        Set @scanMode = 'LIMITED';
 
    /* Make sure we're not exceeding the number of processors we have available */
    Insert Into #processor
    Execute xp_msver 'ProcessorCount';
 
    If @maxDopRestriction Is Not Null And @maxDopRestriction > (Select Internal_Value From #processor)
        Select @maxDopRestriction = Internal_Value
        From #processor;
 
    /* Check our server version; 1804890536 = Enterprise, 610778273 = Enterprise Evaluation, -2117995310 = Developer */
    If (Select ServerProperty('EditionID')) In (1804890536, 610778273, -2117995310) 
        Set @editionCheck = 1 -- supports online rebuilds
    Else
        Set @editionCheck = 0; -- does not support online rebuilds
 
    If @debugMode = 1 RaisError('Grabbing a list of our databases...', 0, 42) With NoWait;
 
    /* Retrieve the list of databases to investigate */
    Insert Into #databaseList
    Select database_id
        , name
        , 0 -- not scanned yet for fragmentation
        , 0 -- statistics not yet updated
    From sys.databases
    Where name = IsNull(@database, name)
        And [name] Not In ('master', 'tempdb')-- exclude system databases
        And [state] = 0; -- state must be ONLINE
 
    If @debugMode = 1 RaisError('Looping through our list of databases and checking for fragmentation...', 0, 42) With NoWait;
 
    /* Loop through our list of databases */
    While (Select Count(*) From #databaseList Where scanStatus = 0) > 0
    Begin
 
        Select Top 1 @databaseID = databaseID
        From #databaseList
        Where scanStatus = 0;
 
        Select @debugMessage = '  working on ' + DB_Name(@databaseID) + '...';
 
        If @debugMode = 1
            RaisError(@debugMessage, 0, 42) With NoWait;
 
       /* Determine which indexes to defrag using our user-defined parameters */
        Insert Into #indexDefragList
        Select
              database_id As databaseID
            , QuoteName(DB_Name(database_id)) As 'databaseName'
            , [object_id] As objectID
            , index_id As indexID
            , partition_number As partitionNumber
            , avg_fragmentation_in_percent As fragmentation
            , page_count 
            , 0 As 'defragStatus' /* 0 = unprocessed, 1 = processed */
            , Null As 'schemaName'
            , Null As 'objectName'
            , Null As 'indexName'
        From sys.dm_db_index_physical_stats (@databaseID, Object_Id(@tableName), Null , Null, @scanMode)
        Where avg_fragmentation_in_percent >= @minFragmentation 
            And index_id > 0 -- ignore heaps
            And page_count > 8 -- ignore objects with less than 1 extent
            And index_level = 0 -- leaf-level nodes only, supports @scanMode
        Option (MaxDop 2);
 
        /* Keep track of which databases have already been scanned */
        Update #databaseList
        Set scanStatus = 1
        Where databaseID = @databaseID;
 
    End
 
    Create Clustered Index CIX_temp_indexDefragList
        On #indexDefragList(databaseID, objectID, indexID, partitionNumber);
 
    /* Delete any indexes from our to-do that are also in our exclusion list for today */
    Delete idl
    From #indexDefragList As idl
    Join dbo.dba_indexDefragExclusion As ide
        On idl.databaseID = ide.databaseID
        And idl.objectID = ide.objectID
        And idl.indexID = ide.indexID
    Where exclusionMask & Power(2, DatePart(weekday, GetDate())-1) > 0;
 
    Select @debugMessage = 'Looping through our list... there''s ' + Cast(Count(*) As varchar(10)) + ' indexes to defrag!'
    From #indexDefragList;
 
    If @debugMode = 1 RaisError(@debugMessage, 0, 42) With NoWait;
 
    /* Begin our loop for defragging */
    While (Select Count(*) From #indexDefragList Where defragStatus = 0) > 0
    Begin
 
        If @debugMode = 1 RaisError('  Picking an index to beat into shape...', 0, 42) With NoWait;
 
        /* Grab the most fragmented index first to defrag */
        Select Top 1 
              @objectID         = objectID
            , @indexID          = indexID
            , @databaseID       = databaseID
            , @databaseName     = databaseName
            , @fragmentation    = fragmentation
            , @partitionNumber  = partitionNumber
            , @pageCount        = page_count
        From #indexDefragList
        Where defragStatus = 0
        Order By fragmentation Desc;
 
        If @debugMode = 1 RaisError('  Looking up the specifics for our index...', 0, 42) With NoWait;
 
        /* Look up index information */
        Select @updateSQL = N'Update idl
            Set schemaName = QuoteName(s.name)
                , objectName = QuoteName(o.name)
                , indexName = QuoteName(i.name)
            From #indexDefragList As idl
            Inner Join ' + @databaseName + '.sys.objects As o
                On idl.objectID = o.object_id
            Inner Join ' + @databaseName + '.sys.indexes As i
                On o.object_id = i.object_id
            Inner Join ' + @databaseName + '.sys.schemas As s
                On o.schema_id = s.schema_id
            Where o.object_id = ' + Cast(@objectID As varchar(10)) + '
                And i.index_id = ' + Cast(@indexID As varchar(10)) + '
                And i.type > 0
                And idl.databaseID = ' + Cast(@databaseID As varchar(10));
 
        Execute sp_executeSQL @updateSQL;
 
        /* Grab our object names */
        Select @objectName  = objectName
            , @schemaName   = schemaName
            , @indexName    = indexName
        From #indexDefragList
        Where objectID = @objectID
            And indexID = @indexID
            And databaseID = @databaseID;
 
        If @debugMode = 1 RaisError('  Grabbing the partition count...', 0, 42) With NoWait;
 
        /* Determine if the index is partitioned */
        Select @partitionSQL = 'Select @partitionCount_OUT = Count(*)
                                    From ' + @databaseName + '.sys.partitions
                                    Where object_id = ' + Cast(@objectID As varchar(10)) + '
                                        And index_id = ' + Cast(@indexID As varchar(10)) + ';'
            , @partitionSQL_Param = '@partitionCount_OUT int OutPut';
 
        Execute sp_executeSQL @partitionSQL, @partitionSQL_Param, @partitionCount_OUT = @partitionCount OutPut;
 
        If @debugMode = 1 RaisError('  Seeing if there''s any LOBs to be handled...', 0, 42) With NoWait;
 
        /* Determine if the table contains LOBs */
        Select @LOB_SQL = ' Select @containsLOB_OUT = Count(*)
                            From ' + @databaseName + '.sys.columns With (NoLock) 
                            Where [object_id] = ' + Cast(@objectID As varchar(10)) + '
                                And (system_type_id In (34, 35, 99)
                                        Or max_length = -1);'
                            /*  system_type_id --> 34 = image, 35 = text, 99 = ntext
                                max_length = -1 --> varbinary(max), varchar(max), nvarchar(max), xml */
                , @LOB_SQL_Param = '@containsLOB_OUT int OutPut';
 
        Execute sp_executeSQL @LOB_SQL, @LOB_SQL_Param, @containsLOB_OUT = @containsLOB OutPut;
 
        If @debugMode = 1 RaisError('  Building our SQL statements...', 0, 42) With NoWait;
 
        /* If there's not a lot of fragmentation, or if we have a LOB, we should reorganize */
        If @fragmentation < @rebuildThreshold Or @containsLOB >= 1 Or @partitionCount > 1
        Begin
 
            Set @sqlCommand = N'Alter Index ' + @indexName + N' On ' + @databaseName + N'.' 
                                + @schemaName + N'.' + @objectName + N' ReOrganize';
 
            /* If our index is partitioned, we should always reorganize */
            If @partitionCount > 1
                Set @sqlCommand = @sqlCommand + N' Partition = ' 
                                + Cast(@partitionNumber As nvarchar(10));
 
        End;
 
        /* If the index is heavily fragmented and doesn't contain any partitions or LOB's, rebuild it */
        If @fragmentation >= @rebuildThreshold And IsNull(@containsLOB, 0) != 1 And @partitionCount <= 1
        Begin
 
            /* Set online rebuild options; requires Enterprise Edition */
            If @onlineRebuild = 1 And @editionCheck = 1 
                Set @rebuildCommand = N' Rebuild With (Online = On';
            Else
                Set @rebuildCommand = N' Rebuild With (Online = Off';
 
            /* Set processor restriction options; requires Enterprise Edition */
            If @maxDopRestriction Is Not Null And @editionCheck = 1
                Set @rebuildCommand = @rebuildCommand + N', MaxDop = ' + Cast(@maxDopRestriction As varchar(2)) + N')';
            Else
                Set @rebuildCommand = @rebuildCommand + N')';
 
            Set @sqlCommand = N'Alter Index ' + @indexName + N' On ' + @databaseName + N'.'
                            + @schemaName + N'.' + @objectName + @rebuildCommand;
 
        End;
 
        /* Are we executing the SQL?  If so, do it */
        If @executeSQL = 1
        Begin
 
            If @debugMode = 1 RaisError('  Executing SQL statements...', 0, 42) With NoWait;
 
            /* Grab the time for logging purposes */
            Set @dateTimeStart  = GetDate();
 
            /* Log our actions */
            Insert Into dbo.dba_indexDefragLog
            (
                  databaseID
                , databaseName
                , objectID
                , objectName
                , indexID
                , indexName
                , partitionNumber
                , fragmentation
                , page_count
                , dateTimeStart
            )
            Select
                  @databaseID
                , @databaseName
                , @objectID
                , @objectName
                , @indexID
                , @indexName
                , @partitionNumber
                , @fragmentation
                , @pageCount
                , @dateTimeStart;
 
            Set @indexDefrag_id = Scope_Identity();
 
            /* Execute our defrag! */
            Execute sp_executeSQL @sqlCommand;
            Set @dateTimeEnd  = GetDate();
 
            /* Update our log with our completion time */
            Update dbo.dba_indexDefragLog
            Set dateTimeEnd = @dateTimeEnd
                , durationSeconds = DateDiff(second, @dateTimeStart, @dateTimeEnd)
            Where indexDefrag_id = @indexDefrag_id;
 
            /* Just a little breather for the server */
            WaitFor Delay @defragDelay;
 
            /* Print if specified to do so */
            If @printCommands = 1
                Print N'Executed: ' + @sqlCommand;
        End
        Else
        /* Looks like we're not executing, just printing the commands */
        Begin
            If @debugMode = 1 RaisError('  Printing SQL statements...', 0, 42) With NoWait;
 
            If @printCommands = 1 Print IsNull(@sqlCommand, 'error!');
        End
 
        If @debugMode = 1 RaisError('  Updating our index defrag status...', 0, 42) With NoWait;
 
        /* Update our index defrag list so we know we've finished with that index */
        Update #indexDefragList
        Set defragStatus = 1
        Where databaseID       = @databaseID
          And objectID         = @objectID
          And indexID          = @indexID
          And partitionNumber  = @partitionNumber;
 
    End
 
    /* Do we want to output our fragmentation results? */
    If @printFragmentation = 1
    Begin
 
        If @debugMode = 1 RaisError('  Displaying fragmentation results...', 0, 42) With NoWait;
 
        Select databaseID
            , databaseName
            , objectID
            , objectName
            , indexID
            , indexName
            , fragmentation
            , page_count
        From #indexDefragList;
 
    End;
 
    /* Do we want to rebuild stats? */
    If @rebuildStats = 1
    Begin
 
        While Exists(Select Top 1 * From #databaseList Where statsStatus = 0)
        Begin
 
            /* Build our SQL statement to update stats */
            Select Top 1 @rebuildStatsSQL = 'Use [' + databaseName + ']; ' + 
                                            'Execute sp_updatestats;'
                    , @rebuildStatsID = databaseID
            From #databaseList
            Where statsStatus = 0;
 
            Set @debugMessage = 'Rebuilding Statistics: ' + @rebuildStatsSQL;
 
            If @debugMode = 1 RaisError(@debugMessage, 0, 42) With NoWait;
 
            /* Execute our stats update! */
            Execute sp_executesql @rebuildStatsSQL;
 
            /* Keep track of which databases have been updated */
            Update #databaseList 
            Set statsStatus = 1
            Where databaseID = @rebuildStatsID;
 
        End;
    End;
 
    /* When everything is said and done, make sure to get rid of our temp table */
    Drop Table #indexDefragList;
    Drop Table #databaseList;
    Drop Table #processor;
 
    If @debugMode = 1 RaisError('DONE!  Thank you for taking care of your indexes!  :)', 0, 42) With NoWait;
 
    Set NoCount Off;
    Return 0
End
Go
 
Set Quoted_Identifier Off 
Set ANSI_Nulls On
Go
Posted in Performance & Tuning, SQL 2008, Syndication, T-SQL Scripts - Tagged , , , , , ,

A Look at Missing Indexes

Apr28
2009 11 Comments Written by Michelle Ufford

Tim Ford (@SQLAgentMan) recently blogged about his Top 5 SQL Server Indexing Best Practices. I thought it was a good list, and it inspired this blog post. I’ve recently been doing a little index spring cleaning, and I thought some people may be interested in the process I go through. So, here it is… a journey through madness an overview of my general missing index process.

I start with my trusty dba_missingIndexStoredProc table. If this table sounds completely foreign to you, check out my post, Find Missing Indexes In Stored Procs. Basically, I have a process that runs every night, scanning the XML of every query plan on the server to find procs that are possibly missing indexes. I then log the details for later action.

So I take a look at my table, and I find 8 stored procedures that are possibly missing indexes. Clicking on the XML link will show me the logged query plan:

Procs With Missing Indexes

Procs With Missing Indexes

Right clicking on the “Missing Index” description will give me the details of the recommended index:

Missing Index Details

Missing Index Details

Here’s an example of what SQL Server will return for you:

/*
Missing Index Details from ExecutionPlan2.sqlplan
The Query Processor estimates that implementing the following index 
could improve the query cost by 85.7327%.
*/
 
/*
USE [msdb]
GO
CREATE NONCLUSTERED INDEX [<Name of Missing Index, sysname,>]
ON [dbo].[sysjobhistory] ([job_id])
INCLUDE ([instance_id],[step_id],[sql_message_id],[sql_severity],
[run_status],[run_date],[run_time],[run_duration],[operator_id_emailed], 
[operator_id_netsent],[operator_id_paged],[retries_attempted],[server])
GO
*/

I now compare the details of this proposed index to the missing index DMV suggestions, using this query:

SELECT t.name AS 'affected_table'
    , 'Create NonClustered Index IX_' + t.name + '_missing_' 
        + CAST(ddmid.index_handle AS VARCHAR(10))
        + ' On ' + ddmid.STATEMENT 
        + ' (' + IsNull(ddmid.equality_columns,'') 
        + CASE WHEN ddmid.equality_columns IS Not Null 
            And ddmid.inequality_columns IS Not Null THEN ',' 
                ELSE '' END 
        + IsNull(ddmid.inequality_columns, '')
        + ')' 
        + IsNull(' Include (' + ddmid.included_columns + ');', ';'
        ) AS sql_statement
    , ddmigs.user_seeks
    , ddmigs.user_scans
    , CAST((ddmigs.user_seeks + ddmigs.user_scans) 
        * ddmigs.avg_user_impact AS INT) AS 'est_impact'
    , ddmigs.last_user_seek
FROM sys.dm_db_missing_index_groups AS ddmig
INNER JOIN sys.dm_db_missing_index_group_stats AS ddmigs
    ON ddmigs.group_handle = ddmig.index_group_handle
INNER JOIN sys.dm_db_missing_index_details AS ddmid 
    ON ddmig.index_handle = ddmid.index_handle
INNER JOIN sys.tables AS t
    ON ddmid.OBJECT_ID = t.OBJECT_ID
WHERE ddmid.database_id = DB_ID()
    --AND t.name = 'myTableName' 
ORDER BY CAST((ddmigs.user_seeks + ddmigs.user_scans) 
    * ddmigs.avg_user_impact AS INT) DESC;

I usually find the data in both places, but not always. One reason why is because the missing index DMV will only store data since your last reboot. So if I’m taking a look at this DMV on Monday and I just rebooted on Sunday, I may not have enough history to give me meaningful recommendations. This is just something to be aware of.

What I’m looking for in this DMV is the number of user_seeks and the est_impact. Also, if I haven’t rebooted my server in a while, I take a look at last_user_seek so I can determine whether or not it’s still accurate.

Next, I take a look at my existing indexes using Kimberly Tripp’s sp_helpindex2 system stored proc. I use her proc instead of sp_helpindex because I need to see included columns.

If you’re wondering why I’m looking at existing indexes, the reason is because I’m looking for indexes that can be modified slightly to accommodate my missing index needs. By “modified slightly,” I mean that I’d only want to make a change to an existing index if it did not drastically change the size or composition of an index, i.e. adding one or two narrow columns as included columns. I do NOT mean making changes that double the size of your index; in those cases, you’d probably be better off creating a brand new index.

Looking at existing indexes is actually a pretty critical part of the puzzle. If I have a proc that only gets called a few times an hour and could benefit from a better index, I may not create that index if it means adding a wide, expensive index to a busy table. If I can make a small modification to an existing index, then there’s a greater chance I’ll make the change and cover my query.

At this point, I should have enough information to start making decisions. I was going to write out the path I normally take when making decisions, but I thought, “Hey! What a great time for a diagram.” So here you go:

Decision Path

Decision Path

Disclaimer: I’m *not* a Visio wizard, so if I butchered the use of certain symbols in my diagram, please let me know so I can a) fix it, and b) learn from it!

It’s hard to really put all of the decision paths into a single, small diagram like this. There’s a lot of variables that I’m not even touching here. But I think this is a fairly good “generic” representation of the path I take. When I hit an “end” process, it means I don’t create the missing index at this time. Maybe in the future, it’ll become necessary, but I prefer to err on the side of less indexes.

So there you have it, a brief look at my missing index process. Hopefully someone finds it helpful. :)

Posted in Performance & Tuning, Syndication, T-SQL Scripts - Tagged , , ,

Automated Index Defrag Script

Mar25
2009 50 Comments Written by Michelle Ufford

UPDATE: This script has been significantly updated. Please view the latest version at http://sqlfool.com/2011/06/index-defrag-script-v4-1/.

So after much delay, here’s the latest and greatest version of my index defrag script.

A summary of the changes:

  • Added support for centralized execution. Option to defrag indexes for a single database from another database, or for all non-system databases.
  • Consolidated Enterprise and Standard versions of the script with new @editionCheck variable.
  • Added parametrization for MaxDop restrictions during rebuilds; validates that the value does not exceed the actual number of processors on the server.
  • Changed minimum fragmentation default value from 10 to 5 to match BOL recommendations.
  • Limited defrags to objects with more than 8 pages.
  • Added a debug option to give a little more insight into what’s happening and to assist with troubleshooting.
  • Updated logic for handling partitions and LOBs.

And a couple of notes and explanations:

Don’t you know you can just pass NULL to sys.dm_db_index_physical_stats for the DatabaseID?
Yes, I realize you can do this. But I don’t want to defrag the system databases, i.e. tempdb, so I opted to handle it this way instead.

How long will this take?
It depends. I don’t necessarily recommend running it without specifying a database; at least, not unmonitored. You *can* do that, but it could take a while. For example, to run sys.dm_db_index_physical_stats for all databases and tables, totaling 2TB, took me 4.5 hours; that doesn’t even count the actual defrags.

Where should I put this?
It’s up to you. If you have a database for items like centralized maintenance or scratch tables, that may be a good place for it. If you prefer, you could also put this in each individual database and call it locally, too. I would not put this in the master or msdb databases.

This is pretty close to a complete rewrite, so please let me know if you encounter any bugs. And now… the code!

If Not Exists(Select [object_id] From sys.tables Where name = N'dba_indexDefragLog')
Begin
    -- Drop Table dbo.dba_indexDefragLog
    Create Table dbo.dba_indexDefragLog
    (
          indexDefrag_id    int identity(1,1)   Not Null
        , databaseID        int                 Not Null
        , databaseName      nvarchar(128)       Not Null
        , objectID          int                 Not Null
        , objectName        nvarchar(128)       Not Null
        , indexID           int                 Not Null
        , indexName         nvarchar(128)       Not Null
        , partitionNumber   smallint            Not Null
        , fragmentation     float               Not Null
        , page_count        int                 Not Null
        , dateTimeStart     datetime            Not Null
        , durationSeconds   int                 Not Null
        Constraint PK_indexDefragLog Primary Key Clustered (indexDefrag_id)
    )
 
    Print 'dba_indexDefragLog Table Created';
End
 
If ObjectProperty(Object_ID('dbo.dba_indexDefrag_sp'), N'IsProcedure') = 1
Begin
    Drop Procedure dbo.dba_indexDefrag_sp;
    Print 'Procedure dba_indexDefrag_sp dropped';
End;
Go
 
 
Create Procedure dbo.dba_indexDefrag_sp
 
    /* Declare Parameters */
      @minFragmentation     float           = 5.0  
        /* in percent, will not defrag if fragmentation less than specified */
    , @rebuildThreshold     float           = 30.0  
        /* in percent, greater than @rebuildThreshold will result in rebuild instead of reorg */
    , @executeSQL           bit             = 1     
        /* 1 = execute; 0 = print command only */
    , @database             varchar(128)    = Null
        /* Option to specify a database name; null will return all */
    , @tableName            varchar(4000)   = Null  -- databaseName.schema.tableName
        /* Option to specify a table name; null will return all */
    , @onlineRebuild        bit             = 1     
        /* 1 = online rebuild; 0 = offline rebuild; only in Enterprise */
    , @maxDopRestriction    tinyint         = Null
        /* Option to restrict the number of processors for the operation; only in Enterprise */
    , @printCommands        bit             = 0     
        /* 1 = print commands; 0 = do not print commands */
    , @printFragmentation   bit             = 0
        /* 1 = print fragmentation prior to defrag; 
           0 = do not print */
    , @defragDelay          char(8)         = '00:00:05'
        /* time to wait between defrag commands */
    , @debugMode            bit             = 0
        /* display some useful comments to help determine if/where issues occur */
As
/*********************************************************************************
    Name:       dba_indexDefrag_sp
 
    Author:     Michelle Ufford, http://sqlfool.com
 
    Purpose:    Defrags all indexes for one or more databases
 
    Notes:
 
    CAUTION: TRANSACTION LOG SIZE MUST BE MONITORED CLOSELY WHEN DEFRAGMENTING.
 
      @minFragmentation     defaulted to 10%, will not defrag if fragmentation 
                            is less than that
 
      @rebuildThreshold     defaulted to 30% as recommended by Microsoft in BOL;
                            greater than 30% will result in rebuild instead
 
      @executeSQL           1 = execute the SQL generated by this proc; 
                            0 = print command only
 
      @database             Optional, specify specific database name to defrag;
                            If not specified, all non-system databases will
                            be defragged.
 
      @tableName            Specify if you only want to defrag indexes for a 
                            specific table, format = databaseName.schema.tableName;
                            if not specified, all tables will be defragged.
 
      @onlineRebuild        1 = online rebuild; 
                            0 = offline rebuild
 
      @maxDopRestriction    Option to specify a processor limit for index rebuilds
 
      @printCommands        1 = print commands to screen; 
                            0 = do not print commands
 
      @printFragmentation   1 = print fragmentation to screen;
                            0 = do not print fragmentation
 
      @defragDelay          time to wait between defrag commands; gives the
                            server a little time to catch up 
 
      @debugMode            1 = display debug comments; helps with troubleshooting
                            0 = do not display debug comments
 
    Called by:  SQL Agent Job or DBA
 
    Date        Initials	Description
    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
    2008-10-27  MFU         Initial Release for public consumption
    2008-11-17  MFU         Added page-count to log table
                            , added @printFragmentation option
    2009-03-17  MFU         Provided support for centralized execution, 
                            , consolidated Enterprise & Standard versions
                            , added @debugMode, @maxDopRestriction
                            , modified LOB and partition logic                            
*********************************************************************************
    Exec dbo.dba_indexDefrag_sp
          @executeSQL           = 0
        , @minFragmentation     = 80
        , @printCommands        = 1
        , @debugMode            = 1
        , @printFragmentation   = 1
        , @database             = 'AdventureWorks'
        , @tableName            = 'AdventureWorks.Sales.SalesOrderDetail';
*********************************************************************************/																
 
Set NoCount On;
Set XACT_Abort On;
Set Quoted_Identifier On;
 
Begin
 
    If @debugMode = 1 RaisError('Dusting off the spiderwebs and starting up...', 0, 42) With NoWait;
 
    /* Declare our variables */
    Declare   @objectID             int
            , @databaseID           int
            , @databaseName         nvarchar(128)
            , @indexID              int
            , @partitionCount       bigint
            , @schemaName           nvarchar(128)
            , @objectName           nvarchar(128)
            , @indexName            nvarchar(128)
            , @partitionNumber      smallint
            , @partitions           smallint
            , @fragmentation        float
            , @pageCount            int
            , @sqlCommand           nvarchar(4000)
            , @rebuildCommand       nvarchar(200)
            , @dateTimeStart        datetime
            , @dateTimeEnd          datetime
            , @containsLOB          bit
            , @editionCheck         bit
            , @debugMessage         varchar(128)
            , @updateSQL            nvarchar(4000)
            , @partitionSQL         nvarchar(4000)
            , @partitionSQL_Param   nvarchar(1000)
            , @LOB_SQL              nvarchar(4000)
            , @LOB_SQL_Param        nvarchar(1000);
 
    /* Create our temporary tables */
    Create Table #indexDefragList
    (
          databaseID        int
        , databaseName      nvarchar(128)
        , objectID          int
        , indexID           int
        , partitionNumber   smallint
        , fragmentation     float
        , page_count        int
        , defragStatus      bit
        , schemaName        nvarchar(128)   Null
        , objectName        nvarchar(128)   Null
        , indexName         nvarchar(128)   Null
    );
 
    Create Table #databaseList
    (
          databaseID        int
        , databaseName      varchar(128)
    );
 
    Create Table #processor 
    (
          [index]           int
        , Name              varchar(128)
        , Internal_Value    int
        , Character_Value   int
    );
 
    If @debugMode = 1 RaisError('Beginning validation...', 0, 42) With NoWait;
 
    /* Just a little validation... */
    If @minFragmentation Not Between 0.00 And 100.0
        Set @minFragmentation = 5.0;
 
    If @rebuildThreshold Not Between 0.00 And 100.0
        Set @rebuildThreshold = 30.0;
 
    If @defragDelay Not Like '00:[0-5][0-9]:[0-5][0-9]'
        Set @defragDelay = '00:00:05';
 
    /* Make sure we're not exceeding the number of processors we have available */
    Insert Into #processor
    Execute xp_msver 'ProcessorCount';
 
    If @maxDopRestriction Is Not Null And @maxDopRestriction > (Select Internal_Value From #processor)
        Select @maxDopRestriction = Internal_Value
        From #processor;
 
    /* Check our server version; 1804890536 = Enterprise, 610778273 = Enterprise Evaluation, -2117995310 = Developer */
    If (Select ServerProperty('EditionID')) In (1804890536, 610778273, -2117995310) 
        Set @editionCheck = 1 -- supports online rebuilds
    Else
        Set @editionCheck = 0; -- does not support online rebuilds
 
    If @debugMode = 1 RaisError('Grabbing a list of our databases...', 0, 42) With NoWait;
 
    /* Retrieve the list of databases to investigate */
    Insert Into #databaseList
    Select database_id
        , name
    From sys.databases
    Where name = IsNull(@database, name)
        And database_id > 4 -- exclude system databases
        And [state] = 0; -- state must be ONLINE
 
    If @debugMode = 1 RaisError('Looping through our list of databases and checking for fragmentation...', 0, 42) With NoWait;
 
    /* Loop through our list of databases */
    While (Select Count(*) From #databaseList) > 0
    Begin
 
        Select Top 1 @databaseID = databaseID
        From #databaseList;
 
        Select @debugMessage = '  working on ' + DB_Name(@databaseID) + '...';
 
        If @debugMode = 1
            RaisError(@debugMessage, 0, 42) With NoWait;
 
       /* Determine which indexes to defrag using our user-defined parameters */
        Insert Into #indexDefragList
        Select
              database_id As databaseID
            , QuoteName(DB_Name(database_id)) As 'databaseName'
            , [object_id] As objectID
            , index_id As indexID
            , partition_number As partitionNumber
            , avg_fragmentation_in_percent As fragmentation
            , page_count 
            , 0 As 'defragStatus' /* 0 = unprocessed, 1 = processed */
            , Null As 'schemaName'
            , Null As 'objectName'
            , Null As 'indexName'
        From sys.dm_db_index_physical_stats (@databaseID, Object_Id(@tableName), Null , Null, N'Limited')
        Where avg_fragmentation_in_percent >= @minFragmentation 
            And index_id > 0 -- ignore heaps
            And page_count > 8 -- ignore objects with less than 1 extent
        Option (MaxDop 1);
 
        Delete From #databaseList
        Where databaseID = @databaseID;
 
    End
 
    Create Clustered Index CIX_temp_indexDefragList
        On #indexDefragList(databaseID, objectID, indexID, partitionNumber);
 
    Select @debugMessage = 'Looping through our list... there''s ' + Cast(Count(*) As varchar(10)) + ' indexes to defrag!'
    From #indexDefragList;
 
    If @debugMode = 1 RaisError(@debugMessage, 0, 42) With NoWait;
 
    /* Begin our loop for defragging */
    While (Select Count(*) From #indexDefragList Where defragStatus = 0) > 0
    Begin
 
        If @debugMode = 1 RaisError('  Picking an index to beat into shape...', 0, 42) With NoWait;
 
        /* Grab the most fragmented index first to defrag */
        Select Top 1 
              @objectID         = objectID
            , @indexID          = indexID
            , @databaseID       = databaseID
            , @databaseName     = databaseName
            , @fragmentation    = fragmentation
            , @partitionNumber  = partitionNumber
            , @pageCount        = page_count
        From #indexDefragList
        Where defragStatus = 0
        Order By fragmentation Desc;
 
        If @debugMode = 1 RaisError('  Looking up the specifics for our index...', 0, 42) With NoWait;
 
        /* Look up index information */
        Select @updateSQL = N'Update idl
            Set schemaName = QuoteName(s.name)
                , objectName = QuoteName(o.name)
                , indexName = QuoteName(i.name)
            From #indexDefragList As idl
            Inner Join ' + @databaseName + '.sys.objects As o
                On idl.objectID = o.object_id
            Inner Join ' + @databaseName + '.sys.indexes As i
                On o.object_id = i.object_id
            Inner Join ' + @databaseName + '.sys.schemas As s
                On o.schema_id = s.schema_id
            Where o.object_id = ' + Cast(@objectID As varchar(10)) + '
                And i.index_id = ' + Cast(@indexID As varchar(10)) + '
                And i.type > 0
                And idl.databaseID = ' + Cast(@databaseID As varchar(10));
 
        Execute sp_executeSQL @updateSQL;
 
        /* Grab our object names */
        Select @objectName  = objectName
            , @schemaName   = schemaName
            , @indexName    = indexName
        From #indexDefragList
        Where objectID = @objectID
            And indexID = @indexID
            And databaseID = @databaseID;
 
        If @debugMode = 1 RaisError('  Grabbing the partition count...', 0, 42) With NoWait;
 
        /* Determine if the index is partitioned */
        Select @partitionSQL = 'Select @partitionCount_OUT = Count(*)
                                    From ' + @databaseName + '.sys.partitions
                                    Where object_id = ' + Cast(@objectID As varchar(10)) + '
                                        And index_id = ' + Cast(@indexID As varchar(10)) + ';'
            , @partitionSQL_Param = '@partitionCount_OUT int OutPut';
 
        Execute sp_executeSQL @partitionSQL, @partitionSQL_Param, @partitionCount_OUT = @partitionCount OutPut;
 
        If @debugMode = 1 RaisError('  Seeing if there''s any LOBs to be handled...', 0, 42) With NoWait;
 
        /* Determine if the table contains LOBs */
        Select @LOB_SQL = ' Select Top 1 @containsLOB_OUT = column_id
                            From ' + @databaseName + '.sys.columns With (NoLock) 
                            Where [object_id] = ' + Cast(@objectID As varchar(10)) + '
                                And (system_type_id In (34, 35, 99)
                                        Or max_length = -1);'
                            /*  system_type_id --> 34 = image, 35 = text, 99 = ntext
                                max_length = -1 --> varbinary(max), varchar(max), nvarchar(max), xml */
                , @LOB_SQL_Param = '@containsLOB_OUT int OutPut';
 
        Execute sp_executeSQL @LOB_SQL, @LOB_SQL_Param, @containsLOB_OUT = @containsLOB OutPut;
 
        If @debugMode = 1 RaisError('  Building our SQL statements...', 0, 42) With NoWait;
 
        /* If there's not a lot of fragmentation, or if we have a LOB, we should reorganize */
        If @fragmentation < @rebuildThreshold Or @containsLOB = 1 Or @partitionCount > 1
        Begin
 
            Set @sqlCommand = N'Alter Index ' + @indexName + N' On ' + @databaseName + N'.' 
                                + @schemaName + N'.' + @objectName + N' ReOrganize';
 
            /* If our index is partitioned, we should always reorganize */
            If @partitionCount > 1
                Set @sqlCommand = @sqlCommand + N' Partition = ' 
                                + Cast(@partitionNumber As nvarchar(10));
 
        End;
 
        /* If the index is heavily fragmented and doesn't contain any partitions or LOB's, rebuild it */
        If @fragmentation >= @rebuildThreshold And IsNull(@containsLOB, 0) != 1 And @partitionCount <= 1
        Begin
 
            /* Set online rebuild options; requires Enterprise Edition */
            If @onlineRebuild = 1 And @editionCheck = 1 
                Set @rebuildCommand = N' Rebuild With (Online = On';
            Else
                Set @rebuildCommand = N' Rebuild With (Online = Off';
 
            /* Set processor restriction options; requires Enterprise Edition */
            If @maxDopRestriction Is Not Null And @editionCheck = 1
                Set @rebuildCommand = @rebuildCommand + N', MaxDop = ' + Cast(@maxDopRestriction As varchar(2)) + N')';
            Else
                Set @rebuildCommand = @rebuildCommand + N')';
 
            Set @sqlCommand = N'Alter Index ' + @indexName + N' On ' + @databaseName + N'.'
                            + @schemaName + N'.' + @objectName + @rebuildCommand;
 
        End;
 
        /* Are we executing the SQL?  If so, do it */
        If @executeSQL = 1
        Begin
 
            If @debugMode = 1 RaisError('  Executing SQL statements...', 0, 42) With NoWait;
 
            /* Grab the time for logging purposes */
            Set @dateTimeStart  = GetDate();
            Execute sp_executeSQL @sqlCommand;
            Set @dateTimeEnd  = GetDate();
 
            /* Log our actions */
            Insert Into dbo.dba_indexDefragLog
            (
                  databaseID
                , databaseName
                , objectID
                , objectName
                , indexID
                , indexName
                , partitionNumber
                , fragmentation
                , page_count
                , dateTimeStart
                , durationSeconds
            )
            Select
                  @databaseID
                , @databaseName
                , @objectID
                , @objectName
                , @indexID
                , @indexName
                , @partitionNumber
                , @fragmentation
                , @pageCount
                , @dateTimeStart
                , DateDiff(second, @dateTimeStart, @dateTimeEnd);
 
            /* Just a little breather for the server */
            WaitFor Delay @defragDelay;
 
            /* Print if specified to do so */
            If @printCommands = 1
                Print N'Executed: ' + @sqlCommand;
        End
        Else
        /* Looks like we're not executing, just printing the commands */
        Begin
            If @debugMode = 1 RaisError('  Printing SQL statements...', 0, 42) With NoWait;
 
            If @printCommands = 1 Print IsNull(@sqlCommand, 'error!');
        End
 
        If @debugMode = 1 RaisError('  Updating our index defrag status...', 0, 42) With NoWait;
 
        /* Update our index defrag list so we know we've finished with that index */
        Update #indexDefragList
        Set defragStatus = 1
        Where databaseID       = @databaseID
          And objectID         = @objectID
          And indexID          = @indexID
          And partitionNumber  = @partitionNumber;
 
    End
 
    /* Do we want to output our fragmentation results? */
    If @printFragmentation = 1
    Begin
 
        If @debugMode = 1 RaisError('  Displaying fragmentation results...', 0, 42) With NoWait;
 
        Select databaseID
            , databaseName
            , objectID
            , objectName
            , indexID
            , indexName
            , fragmentation
            , page_count
        From #indexDefragList;
 
    End;
 
    /* When everything is said and done, make sure to get rid of our temp table */
    Drop Table #indexDefragList;
    Drop Table #databaseList;
    Drop Table #processor;
 
    If @debugMode = 1 RaisError('DONE!  Thank you for taking care of your indexes!  :)', 0, 42) With NoWait;
 
    Set NoCount Off;
	Return 0
End
Go

Thanks to my beta testers, @scoinva, @davidmtate, @jdanton, and @SuperCoolMoss!
Special thanks to SCM for keeping on me to finish this.

Happy Defragging!

Michelle

Source: http://sqlfool.com/2009/03/automated-index-defrag-script/

Posted in Performance & Tuning, SQL 2008, SQL Tips, T-SQL Scripts - Tagged , , , ,

Index Clean-Up Scripts

Jan20
2009 13 Comments Written by Michelle Ufford

I’ve been spending a lot of time lately looking at indexing in my production environments… dropping un-used ones, adding missing ones, and fine-tuning the ones I already have. I thought I’d share some of the scripts I’ve been using to accomplish this.

Here’s the script I use to find any un-used indexes. This relies heavily on the sys.dm_db_index_usage_stats DMV (2005+). This query will also return the SQL statements needed to drop the indexes for convenience. This does NOT mean you should necessarily drop the index. This is only a guide and a starting point; only you know how your application is used and whether SQL Server’s recommendations make sense.

Un-Used Indexes Script

Declare @dbid int
    , @dbName varchar(100);
 
Select @dbid = DB_ID()
    , @dbName = DB_Name();
 
With partitionCTE (object_id, index_id, row_count, partition_count) 
As
(
    Select [object_id]
        , index_id
        , Sum([rows]) As 'row_count'
        , Count(partition_id) As 'partition_count'
    From sys.partitions
    Group By [object_id]
        , index_id
) 
 
Select Object_Name(i.[object_id]) as objectName
        , i.name
        , Case 
            When i.is_unique = 1 
                Then 'UNIQUE ' 
            Else '' 
          End + i.type_desc As 'indexType'
        , ddius.user_seeks
        , ddius.user_scans
        , ddius.user_lookups
        , ddius.user_updates
        , cte.row_count
        , Case When partition_count > 1 Then 'yes' 
            Else 'no' End As 'partitioned?'
        , Case 
            When i.type = 2 And i.is_unique_constraint = 0
                Then 'Drop Index ' + i.name 
                    + ' On ' + @dbName 
                    + '.dbo.' + Object_Name(ddius.[object_id]) + ';'
            When i.type = 2 And i.is_unique_constraint = 1
                Then 'Alter Table ' + @dbName 
                    + '.dbo.' + Object_Name(ddius.[object_ID]) 
                    + ' Drop Constraint ' + i.name + ';'
            Else '' 
          End As 'SQL_DropStatement'
From sys.indexes As i
Inner Join sys.dm_db_index_usage_stats ddius
    On i.object_id = ddius.object_id
        And i.index_id = ddius.index_id
Inner Join partitionCTE As cte
    On i.object_id = cte.object_id
        And i.index_id = cte.index_id
Where ddius.database_id = @dbid
Order By 
    (ddius.user_seeks + ddius.user_scans + ddius.user_lookups) Asc
    , user_updates Desc;

This next script relies on several DMV’s (2005+) that identify missing indexes. While this is good information, the index recommendations do not always make sense and/or sometimes overlap. Also, these DMV’s store data since the SQL Server was last restarted, so if it’s been a while since your server was rebooted, this data may be out of date. This script also provides a SQL statement, in case you do decide to create the index, but it doesn’t take into consideration advanced parameters (i.e. sort_in_tempDB, Online, MaxDop, etc.) and only provides a basic create statement. Nonetheless, it’s another good starting point.

Missing Index Script

Select t.name As 'affected_table'
    , 'Create NonClustered Index IX_' + t.name + '_missing_' 
        + Cast(ddmid.index_handle As varchar(10))
        + ' On ' + ddmid.statement 
        + ' (' + IsNull(ddmid.equality_columns,'') 
        + Case When ddmid.equality_columns Is Not Null 
            And ddmid.inequality_columns Is Not Null Then ',' 
                Else '' End 
        + IsNull(ddmid.inequality_columns, '')
        + ')' 
        + IsNull(' Include (' + ddmid.included_columns + ');', ';'
        ) As sql_statement
    , ddmigs.user_seeks
    , ddmigs.user_scans
    , Cast((ddmigs.user_seeks + ddmigs.user_scans) 
        * ddmigs.avg_user_impact As int) As 'est_impact'
    , ddmigs.last_user_seek
From sys.dm_db_missing_index_groups As ddmig
Inner Join sys.dm_db_missing_index_group_stats As ddmigs
    On ddmigs.group_handle = ddmig.index_group_handle
Inner Join sys.dm_db_missing_index_details As ddmid 
    On ddmig.index_handle = ddmid.index_handle
Inner Join sys.tables As t
    On ddmid.object_id = t.object_id
Where ddmid.database_id = DB_ID()
    And Cast((ddmigs.user_seeks + ddmigs.user_scans) 
        * ddmigs.avg_user_impact As int) > 100
Order By Cast((ddmigs.user_seeks + ddmigs.user_scans) 
    * ddmigs.avg_user_impact As int) Desc;
Posted in Performance & Tuning, Syndication, T-SQL Scripts - Tagged , , ,

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