2Nov/111
Are You Approaching Your Partition Range Limits?
In my post last week, How To Estimate Data Utilization, I said that it may be my last post for a while. Well... apparently I lied. 
For those of you who use table partitioning, you know that you need to define a partitioning scheme and function prior to applying partitioning to an index. Personally, I tend to build the function for a couple of years out, and I tend to create them through the end of a calendar year. Now, if I failed to expand a partition range at the end of the year, then come January 1st, all of my data would be written to the same partition. Not the end of the world, no, but it causes all kinds of nasty performance and maintenance issues. Thus, as part of my end-of-year / maternity-leave preparations, I'm in the process of examining all partitioned functions to identify those that need to have their partition ranges expanded. For those interested, here's the script I used:
IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..#Results') IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE #Results; CREATE TABLE #Results ( databaseName NVARCHAR(128) , schemaName NVARCHAR(128) , functionName NVARCHAR(128) , data_space_id INT , maxRangeValue SQL_VARIANT ) /* Grab results for each database and store in our temp table. And no, I don't *need* to select from sys.indexes and perform left joins, but I'm overly cautious and want to make sure I'm not accidentally missing any databases. :) */ --EXECUTE master.dbo.sp_msforeachdb EXECUTE sp_foreachdb 'USE ?; INSERT INTO #Results SELECT DB_NAME() AS databaseName , sps.name AS schemaName , spf.name AS functionName , sps.data_space_id , MAX(prv.value) AS maxRangeValue FROM sys.indexes AS i LEFT JOIN sys.partition_schemes AS sps WITH (NOLOCK) ON i.data_space_id = sps.data_space_id LEFT JOIN sys.partition_functions AS spf WITH (NOLOCK) ON sps.function_id = spf.function_id LEFT JOIN sys.partition_range_values AS prv WITH (NOLOCK) ON spf.function_id = prv.function_id GROUP BY sps.name , spf.name , sps.data_space_id;'; /* sp_foreachdb was written by SQL MVP Aaron Bertrand and can be downloaded at http://www.mssqltips.com/sqlservertip/2201/making-a-more-reliable-and-flexible-spmsforeachdb/ Alternatively, you can also use sys.sp_MSforeachdb */ /* Make sure we're not missing any major databases */ SELECT * FROM sys.databases WHERE name NOT IN (SELECT databaseName FROM #Results); /* Retrieve our results */ SELECT * FROM #Results WHERE schemaName IS NOT NULL ORDER BY maxRangeValue;
Example Results:
databaseName schemaName functionName data_space_id maxRangeValue ------------------- ------------------------------- ------------------------------------- --------------- ------------------------- HistoricalMart dailyRangeDate_ps dailyRangeDate_pf 65609 2011-12-31 00:00:00.000 AdventureWorks yearlyRangeSmallDateTime_ps yearlyRangeSmallDateTime_pf 65605 2012-01-01 00:00:00.000 dbaTools monthlyRangeDateTime_ps monthlyRangeDateTime_pf 65604 2012-12-01 00:00:00.000
28Oct/112
How To Estimate Data Utilization
Recently, on a conference call presenting data growth rates and database capacity projections, I had a top-line executive ask, "But how much of that data are we actually using today?" The question was met with silence; unless you have rigorous auditing in place -- and kudos to you if you do -- it's a difficult question to answer. But it begs the question, is there some way to gleam this information from SQL Server? I think the answer is "yes," if you make some assumptions and understand what you're looking at.
SQL Server collects stats about every time an index is used and how it is used (i.e. whether a user seeked or scanned the index, etc.). It also provides a DMV to view these stats: sys.dm_db_index_usage_stats.
This DMV provides a wealth of great information, but to answer our question of "What data is actually being used?", we have to refine our criteria. Are we talking in terms of table counts or data size? I'd argue that data size is more important than table counts; one unqueried millow-row table is more wasteful than a hundred ten-row tables.
Also, are we looking at indexes or content? From a database perspective, I'm more interested in indexes: how much space are we wasting on unused indexes? To identify this, I need to look at the activity on each individual index.
From a business perspective, I would be more interested in content (i.e. tables): how much business information is being stored that no one is even looking at? To answer this question, I need to roll up all index usage to see if *any* of the indexes on a table were used. Since both were of interest to me, I decided to write queries to answer both questions.
Lastly, we need to understand the flaws with this data. Chiefly, I cannot tell whether a user requested one row from a million-row table, or if [s]he needed all of the data in the table. This is a pretty important issue, especially with large historical data stores, and it's where I have to make the biggest assumption: if even one person looked at one row in the table, I count all pages in the table as having been accessed.
Now, you may make different decisions than I did above, and that's fine... each environment and project has different needs. But these assumptions are very important to understanding the output of the query below:
USE master; GO /* This will give you an approximation of how much data is being utilized on a server. Since the data is only valid as of the last server reboot, we should start off with an idea of how much data we've accrued. */ /* Find out when the server was last rebooted */ -- 2008 SELECT sqlserver_start_time FROM sys.dm_os_sys_info; -- 2005 SELECT create_date FROM sys.databases WHERE name = 'tempdb'; /* Create a temporary table to hold our data, since we're going to iterate through databases */ IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..#Results') IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE #Results; CREATE TABLE #Results ( databaseName NVARCHAR(128) , tableName NVARCHAR(128) , indexID INT , records BIGINT , activity BIGINT , totalPages BIGINT ); /* sp_foreachdb was written by SQL MVP Aaron Bertrand and can be downloaded at http://www.mssqltips.com/sqlservertip/2201/making-a-more-reliable-and-flexible-spmsforeachdb/ Alternatively, you can also use sys.sp_MSforeachdb */ --EXECUTE master.dbo.sp_foreachdb EXECUTE sys.sp_MSforeachdb ' USE ?; -- You can gleam a lot of information about historical data usage from partitions -- but for now, we will just roll up any partitions we may have WITH myCTE AS ( SELECT p.[object_id] AS objectID , p.index_id , SUM(p.[rows]) AS records , SUM(au.total_pages) AS totalPages FROM sys.partitions AS p WITH (NOLOCK) JOIN sys.allocation_units AS au WITH (NOLOCK) ON p.hobt_id = au.container_id GROUP BY p.[object_id] , p.index_id ) -- Grab all tables and join to our usage stats DMV INSERT INTO #Results SELECT DB_NAME() AS databaseName , t.name , x.index_id , MAX(x.records) AS records , ISNULL(SUM(us.user_lookups + us.user_scans + us.user_seeks), 0) AS activity , SUM(x.totalPages) AS totalPages FROM sys.tables AS t WITH (NOLOCK) JOIN myCTE AS x ON t.[object_id] = x.objectID LEFT JOIN sys.dm_db_index_usage_stats AS us WITH (NOLOCK) ON us.[object_id] = x.objectID AND us.index_id = x.index_id AND us.database_id = DB_ID() GROUP BY t.name , x.index_id;' /* Because we're looping through databases, make sure we're not missing any major ones */ SELECT * FROM sys.databases WHERE name NOT IN (SELECT databaseName FROM #Results); /* Retrieve actual % data utilization, which is performed at the index level */ SELECT databaseName , SUM(queriedPages) AS TotalQueriedPages , SUM(totalPages) AS TotalPages , CAST(SUM(queriedPages) AS FLOAT) / REPLACE(SUM(totalPages), 0, 1) AS '%DataUtil' FROM ( SELECT databaseName , tableName , indexID , CASE -- If we have any activity at all on an index, count it as activity WHEN activity = 0 THEN 0.0 ELSE totalPages END AS queriedPages , totalPages FROM #Results WHERE databaseName NOT IN ('master', 'tempdb', 'msdb', 'model') ) x GROUP BY databaseName ORDER BY databaseName; /* Retrieve % content utilization, which is performed at the table level */ SELECT databaseName , SUM(queriedPages) AS TotalQueriedPages , SUM(totalPages) AS TotalPages , CAST(SUM(queriedPages) AS FLOAT) / REPLACE(SUM(totalPages), 0, 1) AS '%ContentUtil' FROM ( SELECT databaseName , tableName , MAX(records) AS records , CASE WHEN SUM(activity) > 0 THEN SUM(totalPages) ELSE 0 END AS queriedPages , SUM(totalPages) AS totalPages FROM #Results WHERE databaseName NOT IN ('master', 'tempdb', 'msdb', 'model') GROUP BY databaseName , tableName ) x GROUP BY databaseName ORDER BY databaseName;
Results:
databaseName TotalQueriedPages TotalPages %DataUtil -------------------------- ------------------- -------------------- ---------------------- Database1 127618701 130607247 0.969619893356378 Database2 567188 1614958 0.351209133612143 Database3 34269036 34579469 0.991022620966216 Database4 137970594 170733391 0.803399928206158 Database5 74632930 101543575 0.66909214627557 Database6 55809933 72884205 0.765734157938039 Database7 560810026 620609815 0.902175272517656 databaseName TotalQueriedPages TotalPages %ContentUtil -------------------------- ------------------- -------------------- ---------------------- Database1 127763715 130607247 0.970721679051682 Database2 571125 1614958 0.353646967908763 Database3 34269036 34579469 0.991022620966216 Database4 137970921 170733391 0.803399928206158 Database5 96144726 101543575 0.861947682777784 Database6 72269666 72884205 0.991568146820268 Database7 620525938 620609815 0.998240279711804
The first result set examines the utilization of indexes, and the second result set examines the utilization of data at the content (table) level. For example, if we look at Database6, we'll see that we are only utilizing 77% of our indexes, but we're looking at 99% of our table data. So this is a good indicator that we have some unused indexes to clean up in that database.
Know a better way to answer this question using SQL Server DMV's? Please leave me a comment so I can learn from your experience.
In unrelated news, this may be my last blog post for a little while. I'm due with my second child a week from today and expect all of my free time to be consumed by him for a little while. That and, quite frankly, I do not trust myself near a computer, especially a database, in such a sleep-deprived state.
13Jul/115
Calculate Rows Inserted per Second for All Tables
Ever needed to calculate the number of rows inserted every second, for every table in every database on a server? Or, have you ever needed to validate that all processes have stopped writing to tables? These types of questions come up routinely for me. To help with this, I've written the following script, which examines metadata values using sys.partitions. This method isn't as accurate as running SELECT COUNT(*) FROM, but it's much faster. Keep in mind, since it's just looking at row counts, it's not much help on tables that have a lot of update/delete activity. But it does what I need it to do, and I use it pretty regularly, so I thought I'd share in case anyone else can benefit from it too.
/* Declare Parameters */ DECLARE @newBaseline BIT = 1 -- change to 0 when you don't want to replace the baseline, i.e. after initial run , @delay CHAR(8) = '00:00:30'; -- change as needed IF @newBaseline = 1 BEGIN IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..#baseline') IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE #baseline; CREATE TABLE #baseline ( database_name SYSNAME , table_name SYSNAME , table_rows BIGINT , captureTime DATETIME NULL ); END IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..#current') IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE #current; CREATE TABLE #current ( database_name SYSNAME , table_name SYSNAME , table_rows BIGINT , captureTime DATETIME NULL ); IF @newBaseline = 1 BEGIN EXECUTE sp_MSforeachdb 'USE ?; INSERT INTO #baseline SELECT DB_NAME() , o.name As [tableName] , SUM(p.[rows]) As [rowCnt] , GETDATE() As [captureTime] FROM sys.indexes As i JOIN sys.partitions As p ON i.[object_id] = p.[object_id] AND i.index_id = p.index_id JOIN sys.objects As o ON i.[object_id] = o.[object_id] WHERE i.[type] = 1 GROUP BY o.name;' WAITFOR DELAY @delay; END EXECUTE sp_MSforeachdb 'USE ?; INSERT INTO #current SELECT DB_NAME() , o.name As [tableName] , SUM(p.[rows]) As [rowCnt] , GETDATE() As [captureTime] FROM sys.indexes As i JOIN sys.partitions As p ON i.[object_id] = p.[object_id] AND i.index_id = p.index_id JOIN sys.objects As o ON i.[object_id] = o.[object_id] WHERE i.[type] = 1 GROUP BY o.name;' SELECT c.* , c.table_rows - b.table_rows AS 'new_rows' , DATEDIFF(second, b.captureTime, c.captureTime) AS 'time_diff' , (c.table_rows - b.table_rows) / DATEDIFF(second, b.captureTime, c.captureTime) AS 'rows_per_sec' FROM #baseline AS b JOIN #current AS c ON b.table_name = c.table_name AND b.database_name = c.database_name ORDER BY new_rows DESC;
16Jun/1136
Index Defrag Script, v4.1
It's been quite some time since my last index defrag script update. A big part of the reason for that is because I wanted to implement many of the suggestions I've received, but I just haven't had the time. I still have those changes planned, but I'm not sure quite when I'll get to it. Rather than continue to wait for a major release, I'm releasing a small update to my defrag that will take care of the most common complaints I receive.
Change Log:
- Bug fix for databases containing spaces or special characters
- Support for case-sensitive databases
- Re-executable CREATE script (for those who want to re-run the whole script)
- Comma-delimited list of databases is now supported for the @database parameter
Feature List:
- Defrag a single database, a list of databases, or all databases (@database)
- Time Limitations: stop defragging after the specified amount of time has elapsed (@timeLimit). Please note, it will not kill a defrag that is currently in process, even if it exceeds the threshold.
- Optional stop-and-resume functionality: pick up where your defrag last left off without having to rescan sys.dm_db_index_physical_stats. (@forceRescan)
- Defrag scheduling: choose which days to defrag certain indexes, or exclude certain indexes altogether, by using the dbo.dba_indexDefragExclusion table.
- Defrag priority: choose whether to defrag indexes in ascending or descending order by range_scan_count (default), fragmentation, or page_count.
- Current partition exclusion: choose whether or not to exclude the right-most populated partition from the defrag process, common for sliding-window tables (@excludeMaxPartition)
- Commands-only mode: Choose to just log the current defrag status and print the defrag commands, rather than executing them, by using @executeSQL.
- ... and tons more! Please read the parameter list and notes section for details of all the options available.
FAQ:
I often receive the same questions about this script, so allow me to answer them here:
"I keep running the script, but my index is still fragmented. Why?"
This is most likely a very small index. Here's what Microsoft has to say:
"In general, fragmentation on small indexes is often not controllable. The pages of small indexes are stored on mixed extents. Mixed extents are shared by up to eight objects, so the fragmentation in a small index might not be reduced after reorganizing or rebuilding the index. For more information about mixed extents, see Understanding Pages and Extents."
"What database should I create it in?" or "Can I create this in the MASTER database?"
It's up to you where you create it. You could technically create it in the MASTER database, but I recommend creating a utility database for your DBA administrative tasks.
"Can I run this againt a SharePoint database?"
Yes, you can.
"What are the minimum requirements to run this script?" or "Will this run on SQL Server 2000 instances?"
You need to be on SQL Server 2005 SP2 or higher.
Special thanks to Richard Yanger for his assistance with beta testing.
You can download a text file of this script here: dba_indexDefrag_sp_v41
/*** Scroll down to the see important notes, disclaimers, and licensing information ***/ /* Let's create our parsing function... */ IF EXISTS ( SELECT [object_id] FROM sys.objects WHERE name = 'dba_parseString_udf' ) DROP FUNCTION dbo.dba_parseString_udf; GO CREATE FUNCTION dbo.dba_parseString_udf ( @stringToParse VARCHAR(8000) , @delimiter CHAR(1) ) RETURNS @parsedString TABLE (stringValue VARCHAR(128)) AS /********************************************************************************* Name: dba_parseString_udf Author: Michelle Ufford, http://sqlfool.com Purpose: This function parses string input using a variable delimiter. Notes: Two common delimiter values are space (' ') and comma (',') Date Initials Description ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2011-05-20 MFU Initial Release ********************************************************************************* Usage: SELECT * FROM dba_parseString_udf(<string>, <delimiter>); Test Cases: 1. multiple strings separated by space SELECT * FROM dbo.dba_parseString_udf(' aaa bbb ccc ', ' '); 2. multiple strings separated by comma SELECT * FROM dbo.dba_parseString_udf(',aaa,bbb,,,ccc,', ','); *********************************************************************************/ BEGIN /* Declare variables */ DECLARE @trimmedString VARCHAR(8000); /* We need to trim our string input in case the user entered extra spaces */ SET @trimmedString = LTRIM(RTRIM(@stringToParse)); /* Let's create a recursive CTE to break down our string for us */ WITH parseCTE (StartPos, EndPos) AS ( SELECT 1 AS StartPos , CHARINDEX(@delimiter, @trimmedString + @delimiter) AS EndPos UNION ALL SELECT EndPos + 1 AS StartPos , CHARINDEX(@delimiter, @trimmedString + @delimiter , EndPos + 1) AS EndPos FROM parseCTE WHERE CHARINDEX(@delimiter, @trimmedString + @delimiter, EndPos + 1) <> 0 ) /* Let's take the results and stick it in a table */ INSERT INTO @parsedString SELECT SUBSTRING(@trimmedString, StartPos, EndPos - StartPos) FROM parseCTE WHERE LEN(LTRIM(RTRIM(SUBSTRING(@trimmedString, StartPos, EndPos - StartPos)))) > 0 OPTION (MaxRecursion 8000); RETURN; END GO /* First, we need to take care of schema updates, in case you have a legacy version of the script installed */ DECLARE @indexDefragLog_rename VARCHAR(128) , @indexDefragExclusion_rename VARCHAR(128) , @indexDefragStatus_rename VARCHAR(128); SELECT @indexDefragLog_rename = 'dba_indexDefragLog_obsolete_' + CONVERT(VARCHAR(10), GETDATE(), 112) , @indexDefragExclusion_rename = 'dba_indexDefragExclusion_obsolete_' + CONVERT(VARCHAR(10), GETDATE(), 112); IF EXISTS ( SELECT [object_id] FROM sys.indexes WHERE name = 'PK_indexDefragLog' ) EXECUTE sp_rename dba_indexDefragLog, @indexDefragLog_rename; IF EXISTS ( SELECT [object_id] FROM sys.indexes WHERE name = 'PK_indexDefragExclusion' ) EXECUTE sp_rename dba_indexDefragExclusion, @indexDefragExclusion_rename; IF NOT EXISTS ( SELECT [object_id] FROM sys.indexes WHERE name = 'PK_indexDefragLog_v40' ) BEGIN CREATE TABLE dbo.dba_indexDefragLog ( indexDefrag_id INT IDENTITY(1, 1) NOT NULL , databaseID INT NOT NULL , databaseName NVARCHAR(128) NOT NULL , objectID INT NOT NULL , objectName NVARCHAR(128) NOT NULL , indexID INT NOT NULL , indexName NVARCHAR(128) NOT NULL , partitionNumber SMALLINT NOT NULL , fragmentation FLOAT NOT NULL , page_count INT NOT NULL , dateTimeStart DATETIME NOT NULL , dateTimeEnd DATETIME NULL , durationSeconds INT NULL , sqlStatement VARCHAR(4000) NULL , errorMessage VARCHAR(1000) NULL CONSTRAINT PK_indexDefragLog_v40 PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED (indexDefrag_id) ); PRINT 'dba_indexDefragLog Table Created'; END IF NOT EXISTS ( SELECT [object_id] FROM sys.indexes WHERE name = 'PK_indexDefragExclusion_v40' ) BEGIN CREATE TABLE dbo.dba_indexDefragExclusion ( databaseID INT NOT NULL , databaseName NVARCHAR(128) NOT NULL , objectID INT NOT NULL , objectName NVARCHAR(128) NOT NULL , indexID INT NOT NULL , indexName NVARCHAR(128) NOT NULL , exclusionMask INT NOT NULL /* 1=Sunday, 2=Monday, 4=Tuesday, 8=Wednesday, 16=Thursday, 32=Friday, 64=Saturday */ CONSTRAINT PK_indexDefragExclusion_v40 PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED (databaseID, objectID, indexID) ); PRINT 'dba_indexDefragExclusion Table Created'; END IF NOT EXISTS ( SELECT [object_id] FROM sys.indexes WHERE name = 'PK_indexDefragStatus_v40' ) BEGIN CREATE TABLE dbo.dba_indexDefragStatus ( databaseID INT NOT NULL , databaseName NVARCHAR(128) NOT NULL , objectID INT NOT NULL , indexID INT NOT NULL , partitionNumber SMALLINT NOT NULL , fragmentation FLOAT NOT NULL , page_count INT NOT NULL , range_scan_count BIGINT NOT NULL , schemaName NVARCHAR(128) NULL , objectName NVARCHAR(128) NULL , indexName NVARCHAR(128) NULL , scanDate DATETIME NOT NULL , defragDate DATETIME NULL , printStatus BIT DEFAULT (0) NOT NULL , exclusionMask INT DEFAULT (0) NOT NULL CONSTRAINT PK_indexDefragStatus_v40 PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED (databaseID, objectID, indexID, partitionNumber) ); PRINT 'dba_indexDefragStatus Table Created'; END; IF OBJECTPROPERTY(OBJECT_ID('dbo.dba_indexDefrag_sp'), N'IsProcedure') = 1 BEGIN DROP PROCEDURE dbo.dba_indexDefrag_sp; PRINT 'Procedure dba_indexDefrag_sp dropped'; END; Go CREATE PROCEDURE dbo.dba_indexDefrag_sp /* Declare Parameters */ @minFragmentation FLOAT = 10.0 /* in percent, will not defrag if fragmentation less than specified */ , @rebuildThreshold FLOAT = 30.0 /* in percent, greater than @rebuildThreshold will result in rebuild instead of reorg */ , @executeSQL BIT = 1 /* 1 = execute; 0 = print command only */ , @defragOrderColumn NVARCHAR(20) = 'range_scan_count' /* Valid options are: range_scan_count, fragmentation, page_count */ , @defragSortOrder NVARCHAR(4) = 'DESC' /* Valid options are: ASC, DESC */ , @timeLimit INT = 720 /* defaulted to 12 hours */ /* Optional time limitation; expressed in minutes */ , @database VARCHAR(128) = NULL /* Option to specify one or more database names, separated by commas; NULL will return all */ , @tableName VARCHAR(4000) = NULL -- databaseName.schema.tableName /* Option to specify a table name; null will return all */ , @forceRescan BIT = 0 /* Whether or not to force a rescan of indexes; 1 = force, 0 = use existing scan, if available */ , @scanMode VARCHAR(10) = N'LIMITED' /* Options are LIMITED, SAMPLED, and DETAILED */ , @minPageCount INT = 8 /* MS recommends > 1 extent (8 pages) */ , @maxPageCount INT = NULL /* NULL = no limit */ , @excludeMaxPartition BIT = 0 /* 1 = exclude right-most populated partition; 0 = do not exclude; see notes for caveats */ , @onlineRebuild BIT = 1 /* 1 = online rebuild; 0 = offline rebuild; only in Enterprise */ , @sortInTempDB BIT = 1 /* 1 = perform sort operation in TempDB; 0 = perform sort operation in the index's database */ , @maxDopRestriction TINYINT = NULL /* Option to restrict the number of processors for the operation; only in Enterprise */ , @printCommands BIT = 0 /* 1 = print commands; 0 = do not print commands */ , @printFragmentation BIT = 0 /* 1 = print fragmentation prior to defrag; 0 = do not print */ , @defragDelay CHAR(8) = '00:00:05' /* time to wait between defrag commands */ , @debugMode BIT = 0 /* display some useful comments to help determine if/WHERE issues occur */ AS /********************************************************************************* Name: dba_indexDefrag_sp Author: Michelle Ufford, http://sqlfool.com Purpose: Defrags one or more indexes for one or more databases Notes: CAUTION: TRANSACTION LOG SIZE SHOULD BE MONITORED CLOSELY WHEN DEFRAGMENTING. DO NOT RUN UNATTENDED ON LARGE DATABASES DURING BUSINESS HOURS. @minFragmentation defaulted to 10%, will not defrag if fragmentation is less than that @rebuildThreshold defaulted to 30% AS recommended by Microsoft in BOL; greater than 30% will result in rebuild instead @executeSQL 1 = execute the SQL generated by this proc; 0 = print command only @defragOrderColumn Defines how to prioritize the order of defrags. Only used if @executeSQL = 1. Valid options are: range_scan_count = count of range and table scans on the index; in general, this is what benefits the most FROM defragmentation fragmentation = amount of fragmentation in the index; the higher the number, the worse it is page_count = number of pages in the index; affects how long it takes to defrag an index @defragSortOrder The sort order of the ORDER BY clause. Valid options are ASC (ascending) or DESC (descending). @timeLimit Optional, limits how much time can be spent performing index defrags; expressed in minutes. NOTE: The time limit is checked BEFORE an index defrag is begun, thus a long index defrag can exceed the time limitation. @database Optional, specify specific database name to defrag; If not specified, all non-system databases will be defragged. @tableName Specify if you only want to defrag indexes for a specific table, format = databaseName.schema.tableName; if not specified, all tables will be defragged. @forceRescan Whether or not to force a rescan of indexes. If set to 0, a rescan will not occur until all indexes have been defragged. This can span multiple executions. 1 = force a rescan 0 = use previous scan, if there are indexes left to defrag @scanMode Specifies which scan mode to use to determine fragmentation levels. Options are: LIMITED - scans the parent level; quickest mode, recommended for most cases. SAMPLED - samples 1% of all data pages; if less than 10k pages, performs a DETAILED scan. DETAILED - scans all data pages. Use great care with this mode, AS it can cause performance issues. @minPageCount Specifies how many pages must exist in an index in order to be considered for a defrag. Defaulted to 8 pages, AS Microsoft recommends only defragging indexes with more than 1 extent (8 pages). NOTE: The @minPageCount will restrict the indexes that are stored in dba_indexDefragStatus table. @maxPageCount Specifies the maximum number of pages that can exist in an index and still be considered for a defrag. Useful for scheduling small indexes during business hours and large indexes for non-business hours. NOTE: The @maxPageCount will restrict the indexes that are defragged during the current operation; it will not prevent indexes FROM being stored in the dba_indexDefragStatus table. This way, a single scan can support multiple page count thresholds. @excludeMaxPartition If an index is partitioned, this option specifies whether to exclude the right-most populated partition. Typically, this is the partition that is currently being written to in a sliding-window scenario. Enabling this feature may reduce contention. This may not be applicable in other types of partitioning scenarios. Non-partitioned indexes are unaffected by this option. 1 = exclude right-most populated partition 0 = do not exclude @onlineRebuild 1 = online rebuild; 0 = offline rebuild @sortInTempDB Specifies whether to defrag the index in TEMPDB or in the database the index belongs to. Enabling this option may result in faster defrags and prevent database file size inflation. 1 = perform sort operation in TempDB 0 = perform sort operation in the index's database @maxDopRestriction Option to specify a processor limit for index rebuilds @printCommands 1 = print commands to screen; 0 = do not print commands @printFragmentation 1 = print fragmentation to screen; 0 = do not print fragmentation @defragDelay Time to wait between defrag commands; gives the server a little time to catch up @debugMode 1 = display debug comments; helps with troubleshooting 0 = do not display debug comments Called by: SQL Agent Job or DBA ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- DISCLAIMER: This code and information are provided "AS IS" without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, including but not limited to the implied warranties or merchantability and/or fitness for a particular purpose. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- LICENSE: This index defrag script is free to download and use for personal, educational, and internal corporate purposes, provided that this header is preserved. Redistribution or sale of this index defrag script, in whole or in part, is prohibited without the author's express written consent. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Date Initials Version Description ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2007-12-18 MFU 1.0 Initial Release 2008-10-17 MFU 1.1 Added @defragDelay, CIX_temp_indexDefragList 2008-11-17 MFU 1.2 Added page_count to log table , added @printFragmentation option 2009-03-17 MFU 2.0 Provided support for centralized execution , consolidated Enterprise & Standard versions , added @debugMode, @maxDopRestriction , modified LOB and partition logic 2009-06-18 MFU 3.0 Fixed bug in LOB logic, added @scanMode option , added support for stat rebuilds (@rebuildStats) , support model and msdb defrag , added columns to the dba_indexDefragLog table , modified logging to show "in progress" defrags , added defrag exclusion list (scheduling) 2009-08-28 MFU 3.1 Fixed read_only bug for database lists 2010-04-20 MFU 4.0 Added time limit option , added static table with rescan logic , added parameters for page count & SORT_IN_TEMPDB , added try/catch logic and additional debug options , added options for defrag prioritization , fixed bug for indexes with allow_page_lock = off , added option to exclude right-most partition , removed @rebuildStats option , refer to http://sqlfool.com for full release notes 2011-04-28 MFU 4.1 Bug fixes for databases requiring [] , cleaned up the create table section , updated syntax for case-sensitive databases , comma-delimited list for @database now supported ********************************************************************************* Example of how to call this script: EXECUTE dbo.dba_indexDefrag_sp @executeSQL = 1 , @printCommands = 1 , @debugMode = 1 , @printFragmentation = 1 , @forceRescan = 1 , @maxDopRestriction = 1 , @minPageCount = 8 , @maxPageCount = NULL , @minFragmentation = 1 , @rebuildThreshold = 30 , @defragDelay = '00:00:05' , @defragOrderColumn = 'page_count' , @defragSortOrder = 'DESC' , @excludeMaxPartition = 1 , @timeLimit = NULL , @database = 'sandbox,sandbox_caseSensitive'; *********************************************************************************/ SET NOCOUNT ON; SET XACT_ABORT ON; SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON; BEGIN BEGIN TRY /* Just a little validation... */ IF @minFragmentation IS NULL OR @minFragmentation NOT BETWEEN 0.00 AND 100.0 SET @minFragmentation = 10.0; IF @rebuildThreshold IS NULL OR @rebuildThreshold NOT BETWEEN 0.00 AND 100.0 SET @rebuildThreshold = 30.0; IF @defragDelay NOT LIKE '00:[0-5][0-9]:[0-5][0-9]' SET @defragDelay = '00:00:05'; IF @defragOrderColumn IS NULL OR @defragOrderColumn NOT IN ('range_scan_count', 'fragmentation', 'page_count') SET @defragOrderColumn = 'range_scan_count'; IF @defragSortOrder IS NULL OR @defragSortOrder NOT IN ('ASC', 'DESC') SET @defragSortOrder = 'DESC'; IF @scanMode NOT IN ('LIMITED', 'SAMPLED', 'DETAILED') SET @scanMode = 'LIMITED'; IF @debugMode IS NULL SET @debugMode = 0; IF @forceRescan IS NULL SET @forceRescan = 0; IF @sortInTempDB IS NULL SET @sortInTempDB = 1; IF @debugMode = 1 RAISERROR('Undusting the cogs AND starting up...', 0, 42) WITH NOWAIT; /* Declare our variables */ DECLARE @objectID INT , @databaseID INT , @databaseName NVARCHAR(128) , @indexID INT , @partitionCount BIGINT , @schemaName NVARCHAR(128) , @objectName NVARCHAR(128) , @indexName NVARCHAR(128) , @partitionNumber SMALLINT , @fragmentation FLOAT , @pageCount INT , @sqlCommand NVARCHAR(4000) , @rebuildCommand NVARCHAR(200) , @datetimestart DATETIME , @dateTimeEnd DATETIME , @containsLOB BIT , @editionCheck BIT , @debugMessage NVARCHAR(4000) , @updateSQL NVARCHAR(4000) , @partitionSQL NVARCHAR(4000) , @partitionSQL_Param NVARCHAR(1000) , @LOB_SQL NVARCHAR(4000) , @LOB_SQL_Param NVARCHAR(1000) , @indexDefrag_id INT , @startdatetime DATETIME , @enddatetime DATETIME , @getIndexSQL NVARCHAR(4000) , @getIndexSQL_Param NVARCHAR(4000) , @allowPageLockSQL NVARCHAR(4000) , @allowPageLockSQL_Param NVARCHAR(4000) , @allowPageLocks INT , @excludeMaxPartitionSQL NVARCHAR(4000); /* Initialize our variables */ SELECT @startdatetime = GETDATE() , @enddatetime = DATEADD(minute, @timeLimit, GETDATE()); /* Create our temporary tables */ CREATE TABLE #databaseList ( databaseID INT , databaseName VARCHAR(128) , scanStatus BIT ); CREATE TABLE #processor ( [index] INT , Name VARCHAR(128) , Internal_Value INT , Character_Value INT ); CREATE TABLE #maxPartitionList ( databaseID INT , objectID INT , indexID INT , maxPartition INT ); IF @debugMode = 1 RAISERROR('Beginning validation...', 0, 42) WITH NOWAIT; /* Make sure we're not exceeding the number of processors we have available */ INSERT INTO #processor EXECUTE xp_msver 'ProcessorCount'; IF @maxDopRestriction IS NOT NULL AND @maxDopRestriction > (SELECT Internal_Value FROM #processor) SELECT @maxDopRestriction = Internal_Value FROM #processor; /* Check our server version; 1804890536 = Enterprise, 610778273 = Enterprise Evaluation, -2117995310 = Developer */ IF (SELECT ServerProperty('EditionID')) IN (1804890536, 610778273, -2117995310) SET @editionCheck = 1 -- supports online rebuilds ELSE SET @editionCheck = 0; -- does not support online rebuilds /* Output the parameters we're working with */ IF @debugMode = 1 BEGIN SELECT @debugMessage = 'Your SELECTed parameters are... Defrag indexes WITH fragmentation greater than ' + CAST(@minFragmentation AS VARCHAR(10)) + '; REBUILD indexes WITH fragmentation greater than ' + CAST(@rebuildThreshold AS VARCHAR(10)) + '; You' + CASE WHEN @executeSQL = 1 THEN ' DO' ELSE ' DO NOT' END + ' want the commands to be executed automatically; You want to defrag indexes in ' + @defragSortOrder + ' order of the ' + UPPER(@defragOrderColumn) + ' value; You have' + CASE WHEN @timeLimit IS NULL THEN ' NOT specified a time limit;' ELSE ' specified a time limit of ' + CAST(@timeLimit AS VARCHAR(10)) END + ' minutes; ' + CASE WHEN @database IS NULL THEN 'ALL databases' ELSE 'The ' + @database + ' database(s)' END + ' will be defragged; ' + CASE WHEN @tableName IS NULL THEN 'ALL tables' ELSE 'The ' + @tableName + ' TABLE' END + ' will be defragged; We' + CASE WHEN EXISTS(SELECT Top 1 * FROM dbo.dba_indexDefragStatus WHERE defragDate IS NULL) AND @forceRescan <> 1 THEN ' WILL NOT' ELSE ' WILL' END + ' be rescanning indexes; The scan will be performed in ' + @scanMode + ' mode; You want to limit defrags to indexes with' + CASE WHEN @maxPageCount IS NULL THEN ' more than ' + CAST(@minPageCount AS VARCHAR(10)) ELSE ' BETWEEN ' + CAST(@minPageCount AS VARCHAR(10)) + ' AND ' + CAST(@maxPageCount AS VARCHAR(10)) END + ' pages; Indexes will be defragged' + CASE WHEN @editionCheck = 0 OR @onlineRebuild = 0 THEN ' OFFLINE;' ELSE ' ONLINE;' END + ' Indexes will be sorted in' + CASE WHEN @sortInTempDB = 0 THEN ' the DATABASE' ELSE ' TEMPDB;' END + ' Defrag operations will utilize ' + CASE WHEN @editionCheck = 0 OR @maxDopRestriction IS NULL THEN 'system defaults for processors;' ELSE CAST(@maxDopRestriction AS VARCHAR(2)) + ' processors;' END + ' You' + CASE WHEN @printCommands = 1 THEN ' DO' ELSE ' DO NOT' END + ' want to PRINT the ALTER INDEX commands; You' + CASE WHEN @printFragmentation = 1 THEN ' DO' ELSE ' DO NOT' END + ' want to OUTPUT fragmentation levels; You want to wait ' + @defragDelay + ' (hh:mm:ss) BETWEEN defragging indexes; You want to run in' + CASE WHEN @debugMode = 1 THEN ' DEBUG' ELSE ' SILENT' END + ' mode.'; RAISERROR(@debugMessage, 0, 42) WITH NOWAIT; END; IF @debugMode = 1 RAISERROR('Grabbing a list of our databases...', 0, 42) WITH NOWAIT; /* Retrieve the list of databases to investigate */ /* If @database is NULL, it means we want to defrag *all* databases */ IF @database IS NULL BEGIN INSERT INTO #databaseList SELECT database_id , name , 0 -- not scanned yet for fragmentation FROM sys.databases WHERE [name] NOT IN ('master', 'tempdb')-- exclude system databases AND [state] = 0 -- state must be ONLINE AND is_read_only = 0; -- cannot be read_only END; ELSE /* Otherwise, we're going to just defrag our list of databases */ BEGIN INSERT INTO #databaseList SELECT database_id , name , 0 -- not scanned yet for fragmentation FROM sys.databases AS d JOIN dbo.dba_parseString_udf(@database, ',') AS x ON d.name = x.stringValue WHERE [name] NOT IN ('master', 'tempdb')-- exclude system databases AND [state] = 0 -- state must be ONLINE AND is_read_only = 0; -- cannot be read_only END; /* Check to see IF we have indexes in need of defrag; otherwise, re-scan the database(s) */ IF NOT EXISTS(SELECT Top 1 * FROM dbo.dba_indexDefragStatus WHERE defragDate IS NULL) OR @forceRescan = 1 BEGIN /* Truncate our list of indexes to prepare for a new scan */ TRUNCATE TABLE dbo.dba_indexDefragStatus; IF @debugMode = 1 RAISERROR('Looping through our list of databases and checking for fragmentation...', 0, 42) WITH NOWAIT; /* Loop through our list of databases */ WHILE (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM #databaseList WHERE scanStatus = 0) > 0 BEGIN SELECT Top 1 @databaseID = databaseID FROM #databaseList WHERE scanStatus = 0; SELECT @debugMessage = ' working on ' + DB_NAME(@databaseID) + '...'; IF @debugMode = 1 RAISERROR(@debugMessage, 0, 42) WITH NOWAIT; /* Determine which indexes to defrag using our user-defined parameters */ INSERT INTO dbo.dba_indexDefragStatus ( databaseID , databaseName , objectID , indexID , partitionNumber , fragmentation , page_count , range_scan_count , scanDate ) SELECT ps.database_id AS 'databaseID' , QUOTENAME(DB_NAME(ps.database_id)) AS 'databaseName' , ps.[object_id] AS 'objectID' , ps.index_id AS 'indexID' , ps.partition_number AS 'partitionNumber' , SUM(ps.avg_fragmentation_in_percent) AS 'fragmentation' , SUM(ps.page_count) AS 'page_count' , os.range_scan_count , GETDATE() AS 'scanDate' FROM sys.dm_db_index_physical_stats(@databaseID, OBJECT_ID(@tableName), NULL , NULL, @scanMode) AS ps JOIN sys.dm_db_index_operational_stats(@databaseID, OBJECT_ID(@tableName), NULL , NULL) AS os ON ps.database_id = os.database_id AND ps.[object_id] = os.[object_id] AND ps.index_id = os.index_id AND ps.partition_number = os.partition_number WHERE avg_fragmentation_in_percent >= @minFragmentation AND ps.index_id > 0 -- ignore heaps AND ps.page_count > @minPageCount AND ps.index_level = 0 -- leaf-level nodes only, supports @scanMode GROUP BY ps.database_id , QUOTENAME(DB_NAME(ps.database_id)) , ps.[object_id] , ps.index_id , ps.partition_number , os.range_scan_count OPTION (MAXDOP 2); /* Do we want to exclude right-most populated partition of our partitioned indexes? */ IF @excludeMaxPartition = 1 BEGIN SET @excludeMaxPartitionSQL = ' SELECT ' + CAST(@databaseID AS VARCHAR(10)) + ' AS [databaseID] , [object_id] , index_id , MAX(partition_number) AS [maxPartition] FROM [' + DB_NAME(@databaseID) + '].sys.partitions WHERE partition_number > 1 AND [rows] > 0 GROUP BY object_id , index_id;'; INSERT INTO #maxPartitionList EXECUTE sp_executesql @excludeMaxPartitionSQL; END; /* Keep track of which databases have already been scanned */ UPDATE #databaseList SET scanStatus = 1 WHERE databaseID = @databaseID; END /* We don't want to defrag the right-most populated partition, so delete any records for partitioned indexes where partition = MAX(partition) */ IF @excludeMaxPartition = 1 BEGIN DELETE ids FROM dbo.dba_indexDefragStatus AS ids JOIN #maxPartitionList AS mpl ON ids.databaseID = mpl.databaseID AND ids.objectID = mpl.objectID AND ids.indexID = mpl.indexID AND ids.partitionNumber = mpl.maxPartition; END; /* Update our exclusion mask for any index that has a restriction ON the days it can be defragged */ UPDATE ids SET ids.exclusionMask = ide.exclusionMask FROM dbo.dba_indexDefragStatus AS ids JOIN dbo.dba_indexDefragExclusion AS ide ON ids.databaseID = ide.databaseID AND ids.objectID = ide.objectID AND ids.indexID = ide.indexID; END SELECT @debugMessage = 'Looping through our list... there are ' + CAST(COUNT(*) AS VARCHAR(10)) + ' indexes to defrag!' FROM dbo.dba_indexDefragStatus WHERE defragDate IS NULL AND page_count BETWEEN @minPageCount AND ISNULL(@maxPageCount, page_count); IF @debugMode = 1 RAISERROR(@debugMessage, 0, 42) WITH NOWAIT; /* Begin our loop for defragging */ WHILE (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM dbo.dba_indexDefragStatus WHERE ( (@executeSQL = 1 AND defragDate IS NULL) OR (@executeSQL = 0 AND defragDate IS NULL AND printStatus = 0) ) AND exclusionMask & POWER(2, DATEPART(weekday, GETDATE())-1) = 0 AND page_count BETWEEN @minPageCount AND ISNULL(@maxPageCount, page_count)) > 0 BEGIN /* Check to see IF we need to exit our loop because of our time limit */ IF ISNULL(@enddatetime, GETDATE()) < GETDATE() BEGIN RAISERROR('Our time limit has been exceeded!', 11, 42) WITH NOWAIT; END; IF @debugMode = 1 RAISERROR(' Picking an index to beat into shape...', 0, 42) WITH NOWAIT; /* Grab the index with the highest priority, based on the values submitted; Look at the exclusion mask to ensure it can be defragged today */ SET @getIndexSQL = N' SELECT TOP 1 @objectID_Out = objectID , @indexID_Out = indexID , @databaseID_Out = databaseID , @databaseName_Out = databaseName , @fragmentation_Out = fragmentation , @partitionNumber_Out = partitionNumber , @pageCount_Out = page_count FROM dbo.dba_indexDefragStatus WHERE defragDate IS NULL ' + CASE WHEN @executeSQL = 0 THEN 'AND printStatus = 0' ELSE '' END + ' AND exclusionMask & Power(2, DatePart(weekday, GETDATE())-1) = 0 AND page_count BETWEEN @p_minPageCount AND ISNULL(@p_maxPageCount, page_count) ORDER BY + ' + @defragOrderColumn + ' ' + @defragSortOrder; SET @getIndexSQL_Param = N'@objectID_Out INT OUTPUT , @indexID_Out INT OUTPUT , @databaseID_Out INT OUTPUT , @databaseName_Out NVARCHAR(128) OUTPUT , @fragmentation_Out INT OUTPUT , @partitionNumber_Out INT OUTPUT , @pageCount_Out INT OUTPUT , @p_minPageCount INT , @p_maxPageCount INT'; EXECUTE sp_executesql @getIndexSQL , @getIndexSQL_Param , @p_minPageCount = @minPageCount , @p_maxPageCount = @maxPageCount , @objectID_Out = @objectID OUTPUT , @indexID_Out = @indexID OUTPUT , @databaseID_Out = @databaseID OUTPUT , @databaseName_Out = @databaseName OUTPUT , @fragmentation_Out = @fragmentation OUTPUT , @partitionNumber_Out = @partitionNumber OUTPUT , @pageCount_Out = @pageCount OUTPUT; IF @debugMode = 1 RAISERROR(' Looking up the specifics for our index...', 0, 42) WITH NOWAIT; /* Look up index information */ SELECT @updateSQL = N'UPDATE ids SET schemaName = QUOTENAME(s.name) , objectName = QUOTENAME(o.name) , indexName = QUOTENAME(i.name) FROM dbo.dba_indexDefragStatus AS ids INNER JOIN ' + @databaseName + '.sys.objects AS o ON ids.objectID = o.[object_id] INNER JOIN ' + @databaseName + '.sys.indexes AS i ON o.[object_id] = i.[object_id] AND ids.indexID = i.index_id INNER JOIN ' + @databaseName + '.sys.schemas AS s ON o.schema_id = s.schema_id WHERE o.[object_id] = ' + CAST(@objectID AS VARCHAR(10)) + ' AND i.index_id = ' + CAST(@indexID AS VARCHAR(10)) + ' AND i.type > 0 AND ids.databaseID = ' + CAST(@databaseID AS VARCHAR(10)); EXECUTE sp_executesql @updateSQL; /* Grab our object names */ SELECT @objectName = objectName , @schemaName = schemaName , @indexName = indexName FROM dbo.dba_indexDefragStatus WHERE objectID = @objectID AND indexID = @indexID AND databaseID = @databaseID; IF @debugMode = 1 RAISERROR(' Grabbing the partition COUNT...', 0, 42) WITH NOWAIT; /* Determine if the index is partitioned */ SELECT @partitionSQL = 'SELECT @partitionCount_OUT = COUNT(*) FROM ' + @databaseName + '.sys.partitions WHERE object_id = ' + CAST(@objectID AS VARCHAR(10)) + ' AND index_id = ' + CAST(@indexID AS VARCHAR(10)) + ';' , @partitionSQL_Param = '@partitionCount_OUT INT OUTPUT'; EXECUTE sp_executesql @partitionSQL, @partitionSQL_Param, @partitionCount_OUT = @partitionCount OUTPUT; IF @debugMode = 1 RAISERROR(' Seeing IF there are any LOBs to be handled...', 0, 42) WITH NOWAIT; /* Determine if the table contains LOBs */ SELECT @LOB_SQL = ' SELECT @containsLOB_OUT = COUNT(*) FROM ' + @databaseName + '.sys.columns WITH (NoLock) WHERE [object_id] = ' + CAST(@objectID AS VARCHAR(10)) + ' AND (system_type_id IN (34, 35, 99) OR max_length = -1);' /* system_type_id --> 34 = IMAGE, 35 = TEXT, 99 = NTEXT max_length = -1 --> VARBINARY(MAX), VARCHAR(MAX), NVARCHAR(MAX), XML */ , @LOB_SQL_Param = '@containsLOB_OUT INT OUTPUT'; EXECUTE sp_executesql @LOB_SQL, @LOB_SQL_Param, @containsLOB_OUT = @containsLOB OUTPUT; IF @debugMode = 1 RAISERROR(' Checking for indexes that do NOT allow page locks...', 0, 42) WITH NOWAIT; /* Determine if page locks are allowed; for those indexes, we need to always REBUILD */ SELECT @allowPageLockSQL = 'SELECT @allowPageLocks_OUT = COUNT(*) FROM ' + @databaseName + '.sys.indexes WHERE object_id = ' + CAST(@objectID AS VARCHAR(10)) + ' AND index_id = ' + CAST(@indexID AS VARCHAR(10)) + ' AND Allow_Page_Locks = 0;' , @allowPageLockSQL_Param = '@allowPageLocks_OUT INT OUTPUT'; EXECUTE sp_executesql @allowPageLockSQL, @allowPageLockSQL_Param, @allowPageLocks_OUT = @allowPageLocks OUTPUT; IF @debugMode = 1 RAISERROR(' Building our SQL statements...', 0, 42) WITH NOWAIT; /* IF there's not a lot of fragmentation, or if we have a LOB, we should REORGANIZE */ IF (@fragmentation < @rebuildThreshold OR @containsLOB >= 1 OR @partitionCount > 1) AND @allowPageLocks = 0 BEGIN SET @sqlCommand = N'ALTER INDEX ' + @indexName + N' ON ' + @databaseName + N'.' + @schemaName + N'.' + @objectName + N' REORGANIZE'; /* If our index is partitioned, we should always REORGANIZE */ IF @partitionCount > 1 SET @sqlCommand = @sqlCommand + N' PARTITION = ' + CAST(@partitionNumber AS NVARCHAR(10)); END /* If the index is heavily fragmented and doesn't contain any partitions or LOB's, or if the index does not allow page locks, REBUILD it */ ELSE IF (@fragmentation >= @rebuildThreshold OR @allowPageLocks <> 0) AND ISNULL(@containsLOB, 0) != 1 AND @partitionCount <= 1 BEGIN /* Set online REBUILD options; requires Enterprise Edition */ IF @onlineRebuild = 1 AND @editionCheck = 1 SET @rebuildCommand = N' REBUILD WITH (ONLINE = ON'; ELSE SET @rebuildCommand = N' REBUILD WITH (ONLINE = Off'; /* Set sort operation preferences */ IF @sortInTempDB = 1 SET @rebuildCommand = @rebuildCommand + N', SORT_IN_TEMPDB = ON'; ELSE SET @rebuildCommand = @rebuildCommand + N', SORT_IN_TEMPDB = Off'; /* Set processor restriction options; requires Enterprise Edition */ IF @maxDopRestriction IS NOT NULL AND @editionCheck = 1 SET @rebuildCommand = @rebuildCommand + N', MAXDOP = ' + CAST(@maxDopRestriction AS VARCHAR(2)) + N')'; ELSE SET @rebuildCommand = @rebuildCommand + N')'; SET @sqlCommand = N'ALTER INDEX ' + @indexName + N' ON ' + @databaseName + N'.' + @schemaName + N'.' + @objectName + @rebuildCommand; END ELSE /* Print an error message if any indexes happen to not meet the criteria above */ IF @printCommands = 1 OR @debugMode = 1 RAISERROR('We are unable to defrag this index.', 0, 42) WITH NOWAIT; /* Are we executing the SQL? IF so, do it */ IF @executeSQL = 1 BEGIN SET @debugMessage = 'Executing: ' + @sqlCommand; /* Print the commands we're executing if specified to do so */ IF @printCommands = 1 OR @debugMode = 1 RAISERROR(@debugMessage, 0, 42) WITH NOWAIT; /* Grab the time for logging purposes */ SET @datetimestart = GETDATE(); /* Log our actions */ INSERT INTO dbo.dba_indexDefragLog ( databaseID , databaseName , objectID , objectName , indexID , indexName , partitionNumber , fragmentation , page_count , DATETIMEStart , sqlStatement ) SELECT @databaseID , @databaseName , @objectID , @objectName , @indexID , @indexName , @partitionNumber , @fragmentation , @pageCount , @datetimestart , @sqlCommand; SET @indexDefrag_id = SCOPE_IDENTITY(); /* Wrap our execution attempt in a TRY/CATCH and log any errors that occur */ BEGIN TRY /* Execute our defrag! */ EXECUTE sp_executesql @sqlCommand; SET @dateTimeEnd = GETDATE(); /* Update our log with our completion time */ UPDATE dbo.dba_indexDefragLog SET dateTimeEnd = @dateTimeEnd , durationSeconds = DATEDIFF(second, @datetimestart, @dateTimeEnd) WHERE indexDefrag_id = @indexDefrag_id; END TRY BEGIN CATCH /* Update our log with our error message */ UPDATE dbo.dba_indexDefragLog SET dateTimeEnd = GETDATE() , durationSeconds = -1 , errorMessage = ERROR_MESSAGE() WHERE indexDefrag_id = @indexDefrag_id; IF @debugMode = 1 RAISERROR(' An error has occurred executing this command! Please review the dba_indexDefragLog table for details.' , 0, 42) WITH NOWAIT; END CATCH /* Just a little breather for the server */ WAITFOR DELAY @defragDelay; UPDATE dbo.dba_indexDefragStatus SET defragDate = GETDATE() , printStatus = 1 WHERE databaseID = @databaseID AND objectID = @objectID AND indexID = @indexID AND partitionNumber = @partitionNumber; END ELSE /* Looks like we're not executing, just printing the commands */ BEGIN IF @debugMode = 1 RAISERROR(' Printing SQL statements...', 0, 42) WITH NOWAIT; IF @printCommands = 1 OR @debugMode = 1 PRINT ISNULL(@sqlCommand, 'error!'); UPDATE dbo.dba_indexDefragStatus SET printStatus = 1 WHERE databaseID = @databaseID AND objectID = @objectID AND indexID = @indexID AND partitionNumber = @partitionNumber; END END /* Do we want to output our fragmentation results? */ IF @printFragmentation = 1 BEGIN IF @debugMode = 1 RAISERROR(' Displaying a summary of our action...', 0, 42) WITH NOWAIT; SELECT databaseID , databaseName , objectID , objectName , indexID , indexName , partitionNumber , fragmentation , page_count , range_scan_count FROM dbo.dba_indexDefragStatus WHERE defragDate >= @startdatetime ORDER BY defragDate; END; END TRY BEGIN CATCH SET @debugMessage = ERROR_MESSAGE() + ' (Line Number: ' + CAST(ERROR_LINE() AS VARCHAR(10)) + ')'; PRINT @debugMessage; END CATCH; /* When everything is said and done, make sure to get rid of our temp table */ DROP TABLE #databaseList; DROP TABLE #processor; DROP TABLE #maxPartitionList; IF @debugMode = 1 RAISERROR('DONE! Thank you for taking care of your indexes! :)', 0, 42) WITH NOWAIT; SET NOCOUNT OFF; RETURN 0; END
20Dec/105
SQL Agent Job Script
This blog post is brought to you by the awesomeness that is the SQL Server Twitter community. Contributions were made by several awesome Tweeples, including Denny Cherry, Kendra Little, Ken Simmons, and Magnus Ahlkvist, among others.
What started this is something you've all probably run into at one time or another. We're currently having some resource contention on our server when a ton of processes kickoff and overlap in the morning. Now, I have a script that I've used in the past for monitoring SQL agent jobs, but this time I wanted to add some historical run-time information. I know the sysjobhistory table contains the information I need, but it has some... let's say, creative ways of storing the data. Opinions on the reasons why vary:
Regardless the reason, I needed to do some conversions. Denny shared with us the msdb.dbo.agent_datetime function to convert run_date and run_time into an actual datetime value. I have to say, this certainly cleans up the code quite a bit! Then Magnus shared a method to convert run_duration into seconds, which he modified from a script on SQLServerCentral. I was able to use these two tidbits to update my old script. You can now run this script to get back a list of all enabled procs, a script that will disable them, a breakdown of the schedule, and a historical run-time average.
/* How many days do you want to include in your run-time average? Recent values tend to be more useful. */ Declare @daysToAverage smallint = 30; Declare @avgRunTime Table ( job_id uniqueidentifier , avgRunTime int ); /* We need to parse the schedule into something we can understand */ Declare @weekDay Table ( mask int , maskValue varchar(32) ); Insert Into @weekDay Select 1, 'Sunday' Union All Select 2, 'Monday' Union All Select 4, 'Tuesday' Union All Select 8, 'Wednesday' Union All Select 16, 'Thursday' Union All Select 32, 'Friday' Union All Select 64, 'Saturday'; /* First, let's get our run-time average */ Insert Into @avgRunTime Select job_id , Avg((run_duration/10000) * 3600 + (run_duration/100%100)*60 + run_duration%100) As 'avgRunTime' /* convert HHMMSS to seconds */ From msdb.dbo.sysjobhistory Where step_id = 0 -- only grab our total run-time And run_status = 1 -- only grab successful executions And msdb.dbo.agent_datetime(run_date, run_time) >= DateAdd(day, -@daysToAverage, GetDate()) Group By job_id; /* Now let's get our schedule information */ With myCTE As( Select sched.name As 'scheduleName' , sched.schedule_id , jobsched.job_id , Case When sched.freq_type = 1 Then 'Once' When sched.freq_type = 4 And sched.freq_interval = 1 Then 'Daily' When sched.freq_type = 4 Then 'Every ' + Cast(sched.freq_interval As varchar(5)) + ' days' When sched.freq_type = 8 Then Replace( Replace( Replace(( Select maskValue From @weekDay As x Where sched.freq_interval & x.mask <> 0 Order By mask For XML Raw) , '"/><row maskValue="', ', '), '<row maskValue="', ''), '"/>', '') + Case When sched.freq_recurrence_factor <> 0 And sched.freq_recurrence_factor = 1 Then '; weekly' When sched.freq_recurrence_factor <> 0 Then '; every ' + Cast(sched.freq_recurrence_factor As varchar(10)) + ' weeks' End When sched.freq_type = 16 Then 'On day ' + Cast(sched.freq_interval As varchar(10)) + ' of every ' + Cast(sched.freq_recurrence_factor As varchar(10)) + ' months' When sched.freq_type = 32 Then Case When sched.freq_relative_interval = 1 Then 'First' When sched.freq_relative_interval = 2 Then 'Second' When sched.freq_relative_interval = 4 Then 'Third' When sched.freq_relative_interval = 8 Then 'Fourth' When sched.freq_relative_interval = 16 Then 'Last' End + Case When sched.freq_interval = 1 Then ' Sunday' When sched.freq_interval = 2 Then ' Monday' When sched.freq_interval = 3 Then ' Tuesday' When sched.freq_interval = 4 Then ' Wednesday' When sched.freq_interval = 5 Then ' Thursday' When sched.freq_interval = 6 Then ' Friday' When sched.freq_interval = 7 Then ' Saturday' When sched.freq_interval = 8 Then ' Day' When sched.freq_interval = 9 Then ' Weekday' When sched.freq_interval = 10 Then ' Weekend' End + Case When sched.freq_recurrence_factor <> 0 And sched.freq_recurrence_factor = 1 Then '; monthly' When sched.freq_recurrence_factor <> 0 Then '; every ' + Cast(sched.freq_recurrence_factor As varchar(10)) + ' months' End When sched.freq_type = 64 Then 'StartUp' When sched.freq_type = 128 Then 'Idle' End As 'frequency' , IsNull('Every ' + Cast(sched.freq_subday_interval As varchar(10)) + Case When sched.freq_subday_type = 2 Then ' seconds' When sched.freq_subday_type = 4 Then ' minutes' When sched.freq_subday_type = 8 Then ' hours' End, 'Once') As 'subFrequency' , Replicate('0', 6 - Len(sched.active_start_time)) + Cast(sched.active_start_time As varchar(6)) As 'startTime' , Replicate('0', 6 - Len(sched.active_end_time)) + Cast(sched.active_end_time As varchar(6)) As 'endTime' , Replicate('0', 6 - Len(jobsched.next_run_time)) + Cast(jobsched.next_run_time As varchar(6)) As 'nextRunTime' , Cast(jobsched.next_run_date As char(8)) As 'nextRunDate' From msdb.dbo.sysschedules As sched Join msdb.dbo.sysjobschedules As jobsched On sched.schedule_id = jobsched.schedule_id Where sched.enabled = 1 ) /* Finally, let's look at our actual jobs and tie it all together */ Select job.name As 'jobName' , sched.scheduleName , sched.frequency , sched.subFrequency , SubString(sched.startTime, 1, 2) + ':' + SubString(sched.startTime, 3, 2) + ' - ' + SubString(sched.endTime, 1, 2) + ':' + SubString(sched.endTime, 3, 2) As 'scheduleTime' -- HH:MM , SubString(sched.nextRunDate, 1, 4) + '/' + SubString(sched.nextRunDate, 5, 2) + '/' + SubString(sched.nextRunDate, 7, 2) + ' ' + SubString(sched.nextRunTime, 1, 2) + ':' + SubString(sched.nextRunTime, 3, 2) As 'nextRunDate' /* Note: the sysjobschedules table refreshes every 20 min, so nextRunDate may be out of date */ , 'Execute msdb.dbo.sp_update_job @job_id = ''' + Cast(job.job_id As char(36)) + ''', @enabled = 0;' As 'disableScript' , art.avgRunTime As 'avgRunTime_inSec' -- in seconds , (art.avgRunTime / 60) As 'avgRunTime_inMin' -- convert to minutes From msdb.dbo.sysjobs As job Join myCTE As sched On job.job_id = sched.job_id Left Join @avgRunTime As art On job.job_id = art.job_id Where job.enabled = 1 -- do not display disabled jobs Order By nextRunDate;
If this doesn't do exactly what you want, check out SQLJobVis, which Ken recommended. It's a free tool that helps visualize the job history of SQL jobs.
22Apr/1070
Index Defrag Script, v4.0
UPDATE: This script has been updated. Please view the latest version at http://sqlfool.com/2011/06/index-defrag-script-v4-1/.
In my blog post, "Index Defrag Script Updates - Beta Testers Needed", I stated "I'll hopefully have the new version online in just a few days." That was dated January 26th. I had every intention of following through with it, too, but something came up:
My daughter, Chloe Lynn, was born on February 10th. She's a happy, healthy baby girl who consumes all of my free time and already has both her parents wrapped around her adorable little finger. So while I apologize for the delay in posting the latest version, I hope you can understand and forgive me.
Alrighty, back to SQL stuff! This version of the script has been significantly overhauled from previous versions. Here's a full synopsis of the changes and enhancements:
- There's now a time limit option so you have more control over how long your defrags run. This time limit is checked *before* a defrag is begun, so it's still possible to have a defrag occur after the time limit is exceeded (i.e. a large index).
- I've added a static table for managing the index defrag scans. This way, you can start and stop the defrag process without the need to rescan. This is especially useful for VLDB's or any environment where you're unable to complete the defrags in one operation.
- Just in case you want to perform a rescan, even if there's still indexes left to defrag from your last rescan, there's a parameter to force it.
- There's now an option to sort by page count, range scan count, or fragmentation level. Range scan count is defaulted, as the indexes that have high amounts of range scans will benefit the most from having a defragged index. You can also specify whether you want to sort by ASC or DESC.
- There's now min and max parameters for page counts. This is useful for a) ignoring indexes with less than 1 extent (as recommended by Microsoft) and b) for scheduling index operations by size. For instance, you may want to defrag your small indexes during business hours but leave your big indexes for evening or weekend hours.
- There's now a parameterized option for sorting in TEMPDB. This may reduce execution time and will prevent unnecessary database file size inflation during defrags. NOTE: Make sure you have enough free space in TEMPDB prior to enabling this option.
- I moved the SQL statement output to display before execution so you can see what's currently executing.
- I've added a debug output of the parameters selected. I've added additional validation to the start of the script, so this will help show you if an invalid value was submitted and overwritten.
- I've added new columns to the log table to show what command is being executed and what error, if any, occurred when trying to execute.
- I've added try/catch logic to handle errors during execution; this way, a single error will not prevent the whole script from terminating.
- The script will now force a rebuild for indexes with allow_page_locks = off.
- For those who use partitioning, you can now exclude the right-most populated partition from the defrag operation. This won't be applicable for all partitioning schemes, but for sliding-window scenarios (one of the most common schemes), it'll reduce contention on the partition that's being actively written to.
- I've fixed a bug where tables with LOB indexes may have more than one record returned from sys.dm_db_index_physical_stats.
- For various reasons, I've removed the option to rebuild stats.
Also, if you have a previous version of the script installed, this version will rename those tables, since there have been some changes made to them.
FAQ:
I often receive the same questions about this script, so allow me to answer them here:
"I keep running the script, but my index is still fragmented. Why?"
This is most likely a very small index. Here's what Microsoft has to say:
"In general, fragmentation on small indexes is often not controllable. The pages of small indexes are stored on mixed extents. Mixed extents are shared by up to eight objects, so the fragmentation in a small index might not be reduced after reorganizing or rebuilding the index. For more information about mixed extents, see Understanding Pages and Extents."
"What database should I create it in?" or "Can I create this in the MASTER database?"
It's up to you where you create it. You could technically create it in the MASTER database, but I recommend creating a utility database for your DBA administrative tasks.
"Can I run this againt a SharePoint database?"
I've never tried personally, but I've been told it runs just fine.
"What are the minimum requirements to run this script?" or "Will this run on SQL Server 2000 instances?"
You need to be on SQL Server 2005 SP2 or higher.
Without further ado, here's the script:
UPDATE: This script has been updated. Please view the latest version at http://sqlfool.com/2011/06/index-defrag-script-v4-1/.
/* Scroll down to the see notes, disclaimers, and licensing information */ Declare @indexDefragLog_rename varchar(128) , @indexDefragExclusion_rename varchar(128) , @indexDefragStatus_rename varchar(128); Select @indexDefragLog_rename = 'dba_indexDefragLog_obsolete_' + Convert(varchar(10), GetDate(), 112) , @indexDefragExclusion_rename = 'dba_indexDefragExclusion_obsolete_' + Convert(varchar(10), GetDate(), 112) , @indexDefragStatus_rename = 'dba_indexDefragStatus_obsolete_' + Convert(varchar(10), GetDate(), 112); If Exists(Select [object_id] From sys.tables Where [name] = 'dba_indexDefragLog') Execute sp_rename dba_indexDefragLog, @indexDefragLog_rename; If Exists(Select [object_id] From sys.tables Where [name] = 'dba_indexDefragExclusion') Execute sp_rename dba_indexDefragExclusion, @indexDefragExclusion_rename; If Exists(Select [object_id] From sys.tables Where [name] = 'dba_indexDefragStatus') Execute sp_rename dba_indexDefragStatus, @indexDefragStatus_rename; Go Create Table dbo.dba_indexDefragLog ( indexDefrag_id int identity(1,1) Not Null , databaseID int Not Null , databaseName nvarchar(128) Not Null , objectID int Not Null , objectName nvarchar(128) Not Null , indexID int Not Null , indexName nvarchar(128) Not Null , partitionNumber smallint Not Null , fragmentation float Not Null , page_count int Not Null , dateTimeStart datetime Not Null , dateTimeEnd datetime Null , durationSeconds int Null , sqlStatement varchar(4000) Null , errorMessage varchar(1000) Null Constraint PK_indexDefragLog_v40 Primary Key Clustered (indexDefrag_id) ); Print 'dba_indexDefragLog Table Created'; Create Table dbo.dba_indexDefragExclusion ( databaseID int Not Null , databaseName nvarchar(128) Not Null , objectID int Not Null , objectName nvarchar(128) Not Null , indexID int Not Null , indexName nvarchar(128) Not Null , exclusionMask int Not Null /* 1=Sunday, 2=Monday, 4=Tuesday, 8=Wednesday, 16=Thursday, 32=Friday, 64=Saturday */ Constraint PK_indexDefragExclusion_v40 Primary Key Clustered (databaseID, objectID, indexID) ); Print 'dba_indexDefragExclusion Table Created'; Create Table dbo.dba_indexDefragStatus ( databaseID int , databaseName nvarchar(128) , objectID int , indexID int , partitionNumber smallint , fragmentation float , page_count int , range_scan_count bigint , schemaName nvarchar(128) Null , objectName nvarchar(128) Null , indexName nvarchar(128) Null , scanDate datetime , defragDate datetime Null , printStatus bit Default(0) , exclusionMask int Default(0) Constraint PK_indexDefragStatus_v40 Primary Key Clustered(databaseID, objectID, indexID, partitionNumber) ); Print 'dba_indexDefragStatus Table Created'; If ObjectProperty(Object_ID('dbo.dba_indexDefrag_sp'), N'IsProcedure') = 1 Begin Drop Procedure dbo.dba_indexDefrag_sp; Print 'Procedure dba_indexDefrag_sp dropped'; End; Go Create Procedure dbo.dba_indexDefrag_sp /* Declare Parameters */ @minFragmentation float = 10.0 /* in percent, will not defrag if fragmentation less than specified */ , @rebuildThreshold float = 30.0 /* in percent, greater than @rebuildThreshold will result in rebuild instead of reorg */ , @executeSQL bit = 1 /* 1 = execute; 0 = print command only */ , @defragOrderColumn nvarchar(20) = 'range_scan_count' /* Valid options are: range_scan_count, fragmentation, page_count */ , @defragSortOrder nvarchar(4) = 'DESC' /* Valid options are: ASC, DESC */ , @timeLimit int = 720 /* defaulted to 12 hours */ /* Optional time limitation; expressed in minutes */ , @database varchar(128) = Null /* Option to specify a database name; null will return all */ , @tableName varchar(4000) = Null -- databaseName.schema.tableName /* Option to specify a table name; null will return all */ , @forceRescan bit = 0 /* Whether or not to force a rescan of indexes; 1 = force, 0 = use existing scan, if available */ , @scanMode varchar(10) = N'LIMITED' /* Options are LIMITED, SAMPLED, and DETAILED */ , @minPageCount int = 8 /* MS recommends > 1 extent (8 pages) */ , @maxPageCount int = Null /* NULL = no limit */ , @excludeMaxPartition bit = 0 /* 1 = exclude right-most populated partition; 0 = do not exclude; see notes for caveats */ , @onlineRebuild bit = 1 /* 1 = online rebuild; 0 = offline rebuild; only in Enterprise */ , @sortInTempDB bit = 1 /* 1 = perform sort operation in TempDB; 0 = perform sort operation in the index's database */ , @maxDopRestriction tinyint = Null /* Option to restrict the number of processors for the operation; only in Enterprise */ , @printCommands bit = 0 /* 1 = print commands; 0 = do not print commands */ , @printFragmentation bit = 0 /* 1 = print fragmentation prior to defrag; 0 = do not print */ , @defragDelay char(8) = '00:00:05' /* time to wait between defrag commands */ , @debugMode bit = 0 /* display some useful comments to help determine if/where issues occur */ As /********************************************************************************* Name: dba_indexDefrag_sp Author: Michelle Ufford, http://sqlfool.com Purpose: Defrags one or more indexes for one or more databases Notes: CAUTION: TRANSACTION LOG SIZE SHOULD BE MONITORED CLOSELY WHEN DEFRAGMENTING. DO NOT RUN UNATTENDED ON LARGE DATABASES DURING BUSINESS HOURS. @minFragmentation defaulted to 10%, will not defrag if fragmentation is less than that @rebuildThreshold defaulted to 30% as recommended by Microsoft in BOL; greater than 30% will result in rebuild instead @executeSQL 1 = execute the SQL generated by this proc; 0 = print command only @defragOrderColumn Defines how to prioritize the order of defrags. Only used if @executeSQL = 1. Valid options are: range_scan_count = count of range and table scans on the index; in general, this is what benefits the most from defragmentation fragmentation = amount of fragmentation in the index; the higher the number, the worse it is page_count = number of pages in the index; affects how long it takes to defrag an index @defragSortOrder The sort order of the ORDER BY clause. Valid options are ASC (ascending) or DESC (descending). @timeLimit Optional, limits how much time can be spent performing index defrags; expressed in minutes. NOTE: The time limit is checked BEFORE an index defrag is begun, thus a long index defrag can exceed the time limitation. @database Optional, specify specific database name to defrag; If not specified, all non-system databases will be defragged. @tableName Specify if you only want to defrag indexes for a specific table, format = databaseName.schema.tableName; if not specified, all tables will be defragged. @forceRescan Whether or not to force a rescan of indexes. If set to 0, a rescan will not occur until all indexes have been defragged. This can span multiple executions. 1 = force a rescan 0 = use previous scan, if there are indexes left to defrag @scanMode Specifies which scan mode to use to determine fragmentation levels. Options are: LIMITED - scans the parent level; quickest mode, recommended for most cases. SAMPLED - samples 1% of all data pages; if less than 10k pages, performs a DETAILED scan. DETAILED - scans all data pages. Use great care with this mode, as it can cause performance issues. @minPageCount Specifies how many pages must exist in an index in order to be considered for a defrag. Defaulted to 8 pages, as Microsoft recommends only defragging indexes with more than 1 extent (8 pages). NOTE: The @minPageCount will restrict the indexes that are stored in dba_indexDefragStatus table. @maxPageCount Specifies the maximum number of pages that can exist in an index and still be considered for a defrag. Useful for scheduling small indexes during business hours and large indexes for non-business hours. NOTE: The @maxPageCount will restrict the indexes that are defragged during the current operation; it will not prevent indexes from being stored in the dba_indexDefragStatus table. This way, a single scan can support multiple page count thresholds. @excludeMaxPartition If an index is partitioned, this option specifies whether to exclude the right-most populated partition. Typically, this is the partition that is currently being written to in a sliding-window scenario. Enabling this feature may reduce contention. This may not be applicable in other types of partitioning scenarios. Non-partitioned indexes are unaffected by this option. 1 = exclude right-most populated partition 0 = do not exclude @onlineRebuild 1 = online rebuild; 0 = offline rebuild @sortInTempDB Specifies whether to defrag the index in TEMPDB or in the database the index belongs to. Enabling this option may result in faster defrags and prevent database file size inflation. 1 = perform sort operation in TempDB 0 = perform sort operation in the index's database @maxDopRestriction Option to specify a processor limit for index rebuilds @printCommands 1 = print commands to screen; 0 = do not print commands @printFragmentation 1 = print fragmentation to screen; 0 = do not print fragmentation @defragDelay Time to wait between defrag commands; gives the server a little time to catch up @debugMode 1 = display debug comments; helps with troubleshooting 0 = do not display debug comments Called by: SQL Agent Job or DBA ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- DISCLAIMER: This code and information are provided "AS IS" without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, including but not limited to the implied warranties or merchantability and/or fitness for a particular purpose. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- LICENSE: This index defrag script is free to download and use for personal, educational, and internal corporate purposes, provided that this header is preserved. Redistribution or sale of this index defrag script, in whole or in part, is prohibited without the author's express written consent. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Date Initials Version Description ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2007-12-18 MFU 1.0 Initial Release 2008-10-17 MFU 1.1 Added @defragDelay, CIX_temp_indexDefragList 2008-11-17 MFU 1.2 Added page_count to log table , added @printFragmentation option 2009-03-17 MFU 2.0 Provided support for centralized execution , consolidated Enterprise & Standard versions , added @debugMode, @maxDopRestriction , modified LOB and partition logic 2009-06-18 MFU 3.0 Fixed bug in LOB logic, added @scanMode option , added support for stat rebuilds (@rebuildStats) , support model and msdb defrag , added columns to the dba_indexDefragLog table , modified logging to show "in progress" defrags , added defrag exclusion list (scheduling) 2009-08-28 MFU 3.1 Fixed read_only bug for database lists 2010-04-20 MFU 4.0 Added time limit option , added static table with rescan logic , added parameters for page count & SORT_IN_TEMPDB , added try/catch logic and additional debug options , added options for defrag prioritization , fixed bug for indexes with allow_page_lock = off , added option to exclude right-most partition , removed @rebuildStats option , refer to http://sqlfool.com for full release notes ********************************************************************************* Example of how to call this script: Exec dbo.dba_indexDefrag_sp @executeSQL = 1 , @printCommands = 1 , @debugMode = 1 , @printFragmentation = 1 , @forceRescan = 1 , @maxDopRestriction = 1 , @minPageCount = 8 , @maxPageCount = Null , @minFragmentation = 1 , @rebuildThreshold = 30 , @defragDelay = '00:00:05' , @defragOrderColumn = 'page_count' , @defragSortOrder = 'DESC' , @excludeMaxPartition = 1 , @timeLimit = Null; *********************************************************************************/ Set NoCount On; Set XACT_Abort On; Set Quoted_Identifier On; Begin Begin Try /* Just a little validation... */ If @minFragmentation Is Null Or @minFragmentation Not Between 0.00 And 100.0 Set @minFragmentation = 10.0; If @rebuildThreshold Is Null Or @rebuildThreshold Not Between 0.00 And 100.0 Set @rebuildThreshold = 30.0; If @defragDelay Not Like '00:[0-5][0-9]:[0-5][0-9]' Set @defragDelay = '00:00:05'; If @defragOrderColumn Is Null Or @defragOrderColumn Not In ('range_scan_count', 'fragmentation', 'page_count') Set @defragOrderColumn = 'range_scan_count'; If @defragSortOrder Is Null Or @defragSortOrder Not In ('ASC', 'DESC') Set @defragSortOrder = 'DESC'; If @scanMode Not In ('LIMITED', 'SAMPLED', 'DETAILED') Set @scanMode = 'LIMITED'; If @debugMode Is Null Set @debugMode = 0; If @forceRescan Is Null Set @forceRescan = 0; If @sortInTempDB Is Null Set @sortInTempDB = 1; If @debugMode = 1 RaisError('Undusting the cogs and starting up...', 0, 42) With NoWait; /* Declare our variables */ Declare @objectID int , @databaseID int , @databaseName nvarchar(128) , @indexID int , @partitionCount bigint , @schemaName nvarchar(128) , @objectName nvarchar(128) , @indexName nvarchar(128) , @partitionNumber smallint , @fragmentation float , @pageCount int , @sqlCommand nvarchar(4000) , @rebuildCommand nvarchar(200) , @dateTimeStart datetime , @dateTimeEnd datetime , @containsLOB bit , @editionCheck bit , @debugMessage nvarchar(4000) , @updateSQL nvarchar(4000) , @partitionSQL nvarchar(4000) , @partitionSQL_Param nvarchar(1000) , @LOB_SQL nvarchar(4000) , @LOB_SQL_Param nvarchar(1000) , @indexDefrag_id int , @startDateTime datetime , @endDateTime datetime , @getIndexSQL nvarchar(4000) , @getIndexSQL_Param nvarchar(4000) , @allowPageLockSQL nvarchar(4000) , @allowPageLockSQL_Param nvarchar(4000) , @allowPageLocks int , @excludeMaxPartitionSQL nvarchar(4000); /* Initialize our variables */ Select @startDateTime = GetDate() , @endDateTime = DateAdd(minute, @timeLimit, GetDate()); /* Create our temporary tables */ Create Table #databaseList ( databaseID int , databaseName varchar(128) , scanStatus bit ); Create Table #processor ( [index] int , Name varchar(128) , Internal_Value int , Character_Value int ); Create Table #maxPartitionList ( databaseID int , objectID int , indexID int , maxPartition int ); If @debugMode = 1 RaisError('Beginning validation...', 0, 42) With NoWait; /* Make sure we're not exceeding the number of processors we have available */ Insert Into #processor Execute xp_msver 'ProcessorCount'; If @maxDopRestriction Is Not Null And @maxDopRestriction > (Select Internal_Value From #processor) Select @maxDopRestriction = Internal_Value From #processor; /* Check our server version; 1804890536 = Enterprise, 610778273 = Enterprise Evaluation, -2117995310 = Developer */ If (Select ServerProperty('EditionID')) In (1804890536, 610778273, -2117995310) Set @editionCheck = 1 -- supports online rebuilds Else Set @editionCheck = 0; -- does not support online rebuilds /* Output the parameters we're working with */ If @debugMode = 1 Begin Select @debugMessage = 'Your selected parameters are... Defrag indexes with fragmentation greater than ' + Cast(@minFragmentation As varchar(10)) + '; Rebuild indexes with fragmentation greater than ' + Cast(@rebuildThreshold As varchar(10)) + '; You' + Case When @executeSQL = 1 Then ' DO' Else ' DO NOT' End + ' want the commands to be executed automatically; You want to defrag indexes in ' + @defragSortOrder + ' order of the ' + UPPER(@defragOrderColumn) + ' value; You have' + Case When @timeLimit Is Null Then ' not specified a time limit;' Else ' specified a time limit of ' + Cast(@timeLimit As varchar(10)) End + ' minutes; ' + Case When @database Is Null Then 'ALL databases' Else 'The ' + @database + ' database' End + ' will be defragged; ' + Case When @tableName Is Null Then 'ALL tables' Else 'The ' + @tableName + ' table' End + ' will be defragged; We' + Case When Exists(Select Top 1 * From dbo.dba_indexDefragStatus Where defragDate Is Null) And @forceRescan <> 1 Then ' WILL NOT' Else ' WILL' End + ' be rescanning indexes; The scan will be performed in ' + @scanMode + ' mode; You want to limit defrags to indexes with' + Case When @maxPageCount Is Null Then ' more than ' + Cast(@minPageCount As varchar(10)) Else ' between ' + Cast(@minPageCount As varchar(10)) + ' and ' + Cast(@maxPageCount As varchar(10)) End + ' pages; Indexes will be defragged' + Case When @editionCheck = 0 Or @onlineRebuild = 0 Then ' OFFLINE;' Else ' ONLINE;' End + ' Indexes will be sorted in' + Case When @sortInTempDB = 0 Then ' the DATABASE' Else ' TEMPDB;' End + ' Defrag operations will utilize ' + Case When @editionCheck = 0 Or @maxDopRestriction Is Null Then 'system defaults for processors;' Else Cast(@maxDopRestriction As varchar(2)) + ' processors;' End + ' You' + Case When @printCommands = 1 Then ' DO' Else ' DO NOT' End + ' want to print the ALTER INDEX commands; You' + Case When @printFragmentation = 1 Then ' DO' Else ' DO NOT' End + ' want to output fragmentation levels; You want to wait ' + @defragDelay + ' (hh:mm:ss) between defragging indexes; You want to run in' + Case When @debugMode = 1 Then ' DEBUG' Else ' SILENT' End + ' mode.'; RaisError(@debugMessage, 0, 42) With NoWait; End; If @debugMode = 1 RaisError('Grabbing a list of our databases...', 0, 42) With NoWait; /* Retrieve the list of databases to investigate */ Insert Into #databaseList Select database_id , name , 0 -- not scanned yet for fragmentation From sys.databases Where name = IsNull(@database, name) And [name] Not In ('master', 'tempdb')-- exclude system databases And [state] = 0 -- state must be ONLINE And is_read_only = 0; -- cannot be read_only /* Check to see if we have indexes in need of defrag; otherwise, re-scan the database(s) */ If Not Exists(Select Top 1 * From dbo.dba_indexDefragStatus Where defragDate Is Null) Or @forceRescan = 1 Begin /* Truncate our list of indexes to prepare for a new scan */ Truncate Table dbo.dba_indexDefragStatus; If @debugMode = 1 RaisError('Looping through our list of databases and checking for fragmentation...', 0, 42) With NoWait; /* Loop through our list of databases */ While (Select Count(*) From #databaseList Where scanStatus = 0) > 0 Begin Select Top 1 @databaseID = databaseID From #databaseList Where scanStatus = 0; Select @debugMessage = ' working on ' + DB_Name(@databaseID) + '...'; If @debugMode = 1 RaisError(@debugMessage, 0, 42) With NoWait; /* Determine which indexes to defrag using our user-defined parameters */ Insert Into dbo.dba_indexDefragStatus ( databaseID , databaseName , objectID , indexID , partitionNumber , fragmentation , page_count , range_scan_count , scanDate ) Select ps.database_id As 'databaseID' , QuoteName(DB_Name(ps.database_id)) As 'databaseName' , ps.object_id As 'objectID' , ps.index_id As 'indexID' , ps.partition_number As 'partitionNumber' , Sum(ps.avg_fragmentation_in_percent) As 'fragmentation' , Sum(ps.page_count) As 'page_count' , os.range_scan_count , GetDate() As 'scanDate' From sys.dm_db_index_physical_stats(@databaseID, Object_Id(@tableName), Null , Null, @scanMode) As ps Join sys.dm_db_index_operational_stats(@databaseID, Object_Id(@tableName), Null , Null) as os On ps.database_id = os.database_id And ps.object_id = os.object_id and ps.index_id = os.index_id And ps.partition_number = os.partition_number Where avg_fragmentation_in_percent >= @minFragmentation And ps.index_id > 0 -- ignore heaps And ps.page_count > @minPageCount And ps.index_level = 0 -- leaf-level nodes only, supports @scanMode Group By ps.database_id , QuoteName(DB_Name(ps.database_id)) , ps.object_id , ps.index_id , ps.partition_number , os.range_scan_count Option (MaxDop 2); /* Do we want to exclude right-most populated partition of our partitioned indexes? */ If @excludeMaxPartition = 1 Begin Set @excludeMaxPartitionSQL = ' Select ' + Cast(@databaseID As varchar(10)) + ' As [databaseID] , [object_id] , index_id , Max(partition_number) As [maxPartition] From ' + DB_Name(@databaseID) + '.sys.partitions Where partition_number > 1 And [rows] > 0 Group By object_id , index_id;'; Insert Into #maxPartitionList Execute sp_executesql @excludeMaxPartitionSQL; End; /* Keep track of which databases have already been scanned */ Update #databaseList Set scanStatus = 1 Where databaseID = @databaseID; End /* We don't want to defrag the right-most populated partition, so delete any records for partitioned indexes where partition = Max(partition) */ If @excludeMaxPartition = 1 Begin Delete ids From dbo.dba_indexDefragStatus As ids Join #maxPartitionList As mpl On ids.databaseID = mpl.databaseID And ids.objectID = mpl.objectID And ids.indexID = mpl.indexID And ids.partitionNumber = mpl.maxPartition; End; /* Update our exclusion mask for any index that has a restriction on the days it can be defragged */ Update ids Set ids.exclusionMask = ide.exclusionMask From dbo.dba_indexDefragStatus As ids Join dbo.dba_indexDefragExclusion As ide On ids.databaseID = ide.databaseID And ids.objectID = ide.objectID And ids.indexID = ide.indexID; End Select @debugMessage = 'Looping through our list... there are ' + Cast(Count(*) As varchar(10)) + ' indexes to defrag!' From dbo.dba_indexDefragStatus Where defragDate Is Null And page_count Between @minPageCount And IsNull(@maxPageCount, page_count); If @debugMode = 1 RaisError(@debugMessage, 0, 42) With NoWait; /* Begin our loop for defragging */ While (Select Count(*) From dbo.dba_indexDefragStatus Where ( (@executeSQL = 1 And defragDate Is Null) Or (@executeSQL = 0 And defragDate Is Null And printStatus = 0) ) And exclusionMask & Power(2, DatePart(weekday, GetDate())-1) = 0 And page_count Between @minPageCount And IsNull(@maxPageCount, page_count)) > 0 Begin /* Check to see if we need to exit our loop because of our time limit */ If IsNull(@endDateTime, GetDate()) < GetDate() Begin RaisError('Our time limit has been exceeded!', 11, 42) With NoWait; End; If @debugMode = 1 RaisError(' Picking an index to beat into shape...', 0, 42) With NoWait; /* Grab the index with the highest priority, based on the values submitted; Look at the exclusion mask to ensure it can be defragged today */ Set @getIndexSQL = N' Select Top 1 @objectID_Out = objectID , @indexID_Out = indexID , @databaseID_Out = databaseID , @databaseName_Out = databaseName , @fragmentation_Out = fragmentation , @partitionNumber_Out = partitionNumber , @pageCount_Out = page_count From dbo.dba_indexDefragStatus Where defragDate Is Null ' + Case When @executeSQL = 0 Then 'And printStatus = 0' Else '' End + ' And exclusionMask & Power(2, DatePart(weekday, GetDate())-1) = 0 And page_count Between @p_minPageCount and IsNull(@p_maxPageCount, page_count) Order By + ' + @defragOrderColumn + ' ' + @defragSortOrder; Set @getIndexSQL_Param = N'@objectID_Out int OutPut , @indexID_Out int OutPut , @databaseID_Out int OutPut , @databaseName_Out nvarchar(128) OutPut , @fragmentation_Out int OutPut , @partitionNumber_Out int OutPut , @pageCount_Out int OutPut , @p_minPageCount int , @p_maxPageCount int'; Execute sp_executesql @getIndexSQL , @getIndexSQL_Param , @p_minPageCount = @minPageCount , @p_maxPageCount = @maxPageCount , @objectID_Out = @objectID OutPut , @indexID_Out = @indexID OutPut , @databaseID_Out = @databaseID OutPut , @databaseName_Out = @databaseName OutPut , @fragmentation_Out = @fragmentation OutPut , @partitionNumber_Out = @partitionNumber OutPut , @pageCount_Out = @pageCount OutPut; If @debugMode = 1 RaisError(' Looking up the specifics for our index...', 0, 42) With NoWait; /* Look up index information */ Select @updateSQL = N'Update ids Set schemaName = QuoteName(s.name) , objectName = QuoteName(o.name) , indexName = QuoteName(i.name) From dbo.dba_indexDefragStatus As ids Inner Join ' + @databaseName + '.sys.objects As o On ids.objectID = o.object_id Inner Join ' + @databaseName + '.sys.indexes As i On o.object_id = i.object_id And ids.indexID = i.index_id Inner Join ' + @databaseName + '.sys.schemas As s On o.schema_id = s.schema_id Where o.object_id = ' + Cast(@objectID As varchar(10)) + ' And i.index_id = ' + Cast(@indexID As varchar(10)) + ' And i.type > 0 And ids.databaseID = ' + Cast(@databaseID As varchar(10)); Execute sp_executesql @updateSQL; /* Grab our object names */ Select @objectName = objectName , @schemaName = schemaName , @indexName = indexName From dbo.dba_indexDefragStatus Where objectID = @objectID And indexID = @indexID And databaseID = @databaseID; If @debugMode = 1 RaisError(' Grabbing the partition count...', 0, 42) With NoWait; /* Determine if the index is partitioned */ Select @partitionSQL = 'Select @partitionCount_OUT = Count(*) From ' + @databaseName + '.sys.partitions Where object_id = ' + Cast(@objectID As varchar(10)) + ' And index_id = ' + Cast(@indexID As varchar(10)) + ';' , @partitionSQL_Param = '@partitionCount_OUT int OutPut'; Execute sp_executesql @partitionSQL, @partitionSQL_Param, @partitionCount_OUT = @partitionCount OutPut; If @debugMode = 1 RaisError(' Seeing if there are any LOBs to be handled...', 0, 42) With NoWait; /* Determine if the table contains LOBs */ Select @LOB_SQL = ' Select @containsLOB_OUT = Count(*) From ' + @databaseName + '.sys.columns With (NoLock) Where [object_id] = ' + Cast(@objectID As varchar(10)) + ' And (system_type_id In (34, 35, 99) Or max_length = -1);' /* system_type_id --> 34 = image, 35 = text, 99 = ntext max_length = -1 --> varbinary(max), varchar(max), nvarchar(max), xml */ , @LOB_SQL_Param = '@containsLOB_OUT int OutPut'; Execute sp_executesql @LOB_SQL, @LOB_SQL_Param, @containsLOB_OUT = @containsLOB OutPut; If @debugMode = 1 RaisError(' Checking for indexes that do not allow page locks...', 0, 42) With NoWait; /* Determine if page locks are allowed; for those indexes, we need to always rebuild */ Select @allowPageLockSQL = 'Select @allowPageLocks_OUT = Count(*) From ' + @databaseName + '.sys.indexes Where object_id = ' + Cast(@objectID As varchar(10)) + ' And index_id = ' + Cast(@indexID As varchar(10)) + ' And Allow_Page_Locks = 0;' , @allowPageLockSQL_Param = '@allowPageLocks_OUT int OutPut'; Execute sp_executesql @allowPageLockSQL, @allowPageLockSQL_Param, @allowPageLocks_OUT = @allowPageLocks OutPut; If @debugMode = 1 RaisError(' Building our SQL statements...', 0, 42) With NoWait; /* If there's not a lot of fragmentation, or if we have a LOB, we should reorganize */ If (@fragmentation < @rebuildThreshold Or @containsLOB >= 1 Or @partitionCount > 1) And @allowPageLocks = 0 Begin Set @sqlCommand = N'Alter Index ' + @indexName + N' On ' + @databaseName + N'.' + @schemaName + N'.' + @objectName + N' ReOrganize'; /* If our index is partitioned, we should always reorganize */ If @partitionCount > 1 Set @sqlCommand = @sqlCommand + N' Partition = ' + Cast(@partitionNumber As nvarchar(10)); End /* If the index is heavily fragmented and doesn't contain any partitions or LOB's, or if the index does not allow page locks, rebuild it */ Else If (@fragmentation >= @rebuildThreshold Or @allowPageLocks <> 0) And IsNull(@containsLOB, 0) != 1 And @partitionCount <= 1 Begin /* Set online rebuild options; requires Enterprise Edition */ If @onlineRebuild = 1 And @editionCheck = 1 Set @rebuildCommand = N' Rebuild With (Online = On'; Else Set @rebuildCommand = N' Rebuild With (Online = Off'; /* Set sort operation preferences */ If @sortInTempDB = 1 Set @rebuildCommand = @rebuildCommand + N', Sort_In_TempDB = On'; Else Set @rebuildCommand = @rebuildCommand + N', Sort_In_TempDB = Off'; /* Set processor restriction options; requires Enterprise Edition */ If @maxDopRestriction Is Not Null And @editionCheck = 1 Set @rebuildCommand = @rebuildCommand + N', MaxDop = ' + Cast(@maxDopRestriction As varchar(2)) + N')'; Else Set @rebuildCommand = @rebuildCommand + N')'; Set @sqlCommand = N'Alter Index ' + @indexName + N' On ' + @databaseName + N'.' + @schemaName + N'.' + @objectName + @rebuildCommand; End Else /* Print an error message if any indexes happen to not meet the criteria above */ If @printCommands = 1 Or @debugMode = 1 RaisError('We are unable to defrag this index.', 0, 42) With NoWait; /* Are we executing the SQL? If so, do it */ If @executeSQL = 1 Begin Set @debugMessage = 'Executing: ' + @sqlCommand; /* Print the commands we're executing if specified to do so */ If @printCommands = 1 Or @debugMode = 1 RaisError(@debugMessage, 0, 42) With NoWait; /* Grab the time for logging purposes */ Set @dateTimeStart = GetDate(); /* Log our actions */ Insert Into dbo.dba_indexDefragLog ( databaseID , databaseName , objectID , objectName , indexID , indexName , partitionNumber , fragmentation , page_count , dateTimeStart , sqlStatement ) Select @databaseID , @databaseName , @objectID , @objectName , @indexID , @indexName , @partitionNumber , @fragmentation , @pageCount , @dateTimeStart , @sqlCommand; Set @indexDefrag_id = Scope_Identity(); /* Wrap our execution attempt in a try/catch and log any errors that occur */ Begin Try /* Execute our defrag! */ Execute sp_executesql @sqlCommand; Set @dateTimeEnd = GetDate(); /* Update our log with our completion time */ Update dbo.dba_indexDefragLog Set dateTimeEnd = @dateTimeEnd , durationSeconds = DateDiff(second, @dateTimeStart, @dateTimeEnd) Where indexDefrag_id = @indexDefrag_id; End Try Begin Catch /* Update our log with our error message */ Update dbo.dba_indexDefragLog Set dateTimeEnd = GetDate() , durationSeconds = -1 , errorMessage = Error_Message() Where indexDefrag_id = @indexDefrag_id; If @debugMode = 1 RaisError(' An error has occurred executing this command! Please review the dba_indexDefragLog table for details.' , 0, 42) With NoWait; End Catch /* Just a little breather for the server */ WaitFor Delay @defragDelay; Update dbo.dba_indexDefragStatus Set defragDate = GetDate() , printStatus = 1 Where databaseID = @databaseID And objectID = @objectID And indexID = @indexID And partitionNumber = @partitionNumber; End Else /* Looks like we're not executing, just printing the commands */ Begin If @debugMode = 1 RaisError(' Printing SQL statements...', 0, 42) With NoWait; If @printCommands = 1 Or @debugMode = 1 Print IsNull(@sqlCommand, 'error!'); Update dbo.dba_indexDefragStatus Set printStatus = 1 Where databaseID = @databaseID And objectID = @objectID And indexID = @indexID And partitionNumber = @partitionNumber; End End /* Do we want to output our fragmentation results? */ If @printFragmentation = 1 Begin If @debugMode = 1 RaisError(' Displaying a summary of our action...', 0, 42) With NoWait; Select databaseID , databaseName , objectID , objectName , indexID , indexName , partitionNumber , fragmentation , page_count , range_scan_count From dbo.dba_indexDefragStatus Where defragDate >= @startDateTime Order By defragDate; End; End Try Begin Catch Set @debugMessage = Error_Message() + ' (Line Number: ' + Cast(Error_Line() As varchar(10)) + ')'; Print @debugMessage; End Catch; /* When everything is said and done, make sure to get rid of our temp table */ Drop Table #databaseList; Drop Table #processor; Drop Table #maxPartitionList; If @debugMode = 1 RaisError('DONE! Thank you for taking care of your indexes! :)', 0, 42) With NoWait; Set NoCount Off; Return 0 End
You can also download it here: dba_indexDefrag_sp_v40_public.txt
I've had this latest version in production on terabyte-size databases running SQL Server 2005 and 2008 Enterprise editions for the last 3 months, where it runs nightly without issue. I've also had numerous beta testers report success in their environments, too. But to be safe, make sure to keep an eye on it the first time it runs to ensure you understand the impact on your server.
Enjoy!
Michelle
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